%!
%%BoundingBox: (atend)
%%Pages: (atend)
%%DocumentFonts: (atend)
%%EndComments
%
% FrameMaker PostScript Prolog 3.0, for use with FrameMaker 3.0
% Copyright (c) 1986,87,89,90,91 by Frame Technology Corporation.
% All rights reserved.
%
% Known Problems:
%	Due to bugs in Transcript, the 'PS-Adobe-' is omitted from line 1
/FMversion (3.0) def 
% Set up Color vs. Black-and-White
	/FMPrintInColor systemdict /colorimage known
		systemdict /currentcolortransfer known or def
% Uncomment this line to force b&w on color printer
%   /FMPrintInColor false def
/FrameDict 195 dict def 
systemdict /errordict known not {/errordict 10 dict def
		errordict /rangecheck {stop} put} if
% The readline in 23.0 doesn't recognize cr's as nl's on AppleTalk
FrameDict /tmprangecheck errordict /rangecheck get put 
errordict /rangecheck {FrameDict /bug true put} put 
FrameDict /bug false put 
mark 
% Some PS machines read past the CR, so keep the following 3 lines together!
currentfile 5 string readline
00
0000000000
cleartomark 
errordict /rangecheck FrameDict /tmprangecheck get put 
FrameDict /bug get { 
	/readline {
		/gstring exch def
		/gfile exch def
		/gindex 0 def
		{
			gfile read pop 
			dup 10 eq {exit} if 
			dup 13 eq {exit} if 
			gstring exch gindex exch put 
			/gindex gindex 1 add def 
		} loop
		pop 
		gstring 0 gindex getinterval true 
		} def
	} if
/FMVERSION {
	FMversion ne {
		/Times-Roman findfont 18 scalefont setfont
		100 100 moveto
		(FrameMaker version does not match postscript_prolog!)
		dup =
		show showpage
		} if
	} def 
/FMLOCAL {
	FrameDict begin
	0 def 
	end 
	} def 
	/gstring FMLOCAL
	/gfile FMLOCAL
	/gindex FMLOCAL
	/orgxfer FMLOCAL
	/orgproc FMLOCAL
	/organgle FMLOCAL
	/orgfreq FMLOCAL
	/yscale FMLOCAL
	/xscale FMLOCAL
	/manualfeed FMLOCAL
	/paperheight FMLOCAL
	/paperwidth FMLOCAL
/FMDOCUMENT { 
	array /FMfonts exch def 
	/#copies exch def
	FrameDict begin
	0 ne dup {setmanualfeed} if
	/manualfeed exch def
	/paperheight exch def
	/paperwidth exch def
	/yscale exch def
	/xscale exch def
	currenttransfer cvlit /orgxfer exch def
	currentscreen cvlit /orgproc exch def
	/organgle exch def /orgfreq exch def
	setpapername 
	manualfeed {true} {papersize} ifelse 
	{manualpapersize} {false} ifelse 
	{desperatepapersize} if
	end 
	} def 
	/pagesave FMLOCAL
	/orgmatrix FMLOCAL
	/landscape FMLOCAL
/FMBEGINPAGE { 
	FrameDict begin 
	/pagesave save def
	3.86 setmiterlimit
	/landscape exch 0 ne def
	landscape { 
		90 rotate 0 exch neg translate pop 
		}
		{pop pop}
		ifelse
	xscale yscale scale
	/orgmatrix matrix def
	gsave 
	} def 
/FMENDPAGE {
	grestore 
	pagesave restore
	end 
	showpage
	} def 
/FMFONTDEFINE { 
	FrameDict begin
	findfont 
	ReEncode 
	1 index exch 
	definefont 
	FMfonts 3 1 roll 
	put
	end 
	} def 
/FMFILLS {
	FrameDict begin
	array /fillvals exch def
	end 
	} def 
/FMFILL {
	FrameDict begin
	 fillvals 3 1 roll put
	end 
	} def 
/FMNORMALIZEGRAPHICS { 
	newpath
	0.0 0.0 moveto
	1 setlinewidth
	0 setlinecap
	0 0 0 sethsbcolor
	0 setgray 
	} bind def
	/fx FMLOCAL
	/fy FMLOCAL
	/fh FMLOCAL
	/fw FMLOCAL
	/llx FMLOCAL
	/lly FMLOCAL
	/urx FMLOCAL
	/ury FMLOCAL
/FMBEGINEPSF { 
	end 
	/FMEPSF save def 
	/showpage {} def 
	FMNORMALIZEGRAPHICS 
	[/fy /fx /fh /fw /ury /urx /lly /llx] {exch def} forall 
	fx fy translate 
	rotate
	fw urx llx sub div fh ury lly sub div scale 
	llx neg lly neg translate 
	} bind def
/FMENDEPSF {
	FMEPSF restore
	FrameDict begin 
	} bind def
FrameDict begin 
/setmanualfeed {
%%BeginFeature *ManualFeed True
	 statusdict /manualfeed true put
%%EndFeature
	} def
/max {2 copy lt {exch} if pop} bind def
/min {2 copy gt {exch} if pop} bind def
/inch {72 mul} def
/pagedimen { 
	paperheight sub abs 16 lt exch 
	paperwidth sub abs 16 lt and
	{/papername exch def} {pop} ifelse
	} def
	/papersizedict FMLOCAL
/setpapername { 
	/papersizedict 14 dict def 
	papersizedict begin
	/papername /unknown def 
		/Letter 8.5 inch 11.0 inch pagedimen
		/LetterSmall 7.68 inch 10.16 inch pagedimen
		/Tabloid 11.0 inch 17.0 inch pagedimen
		/Ledger 17.0 inch 11.0 inch pagedimen
		/Legal 8.5 inch 14.0 inch pagedimen
		/Statement 5.5 inch 8.5 inch pagedimen
		/Executive 7.5 inch 10.0 inch pagedimen
		/A3 11.69 inch 16.5 inch pagedimen
		/A4 8.26 inch 11.69 inch pagedimen
		/A4Small 7.47 inch 10.85 inch pagedimen
		/B4 10.125 inch 14.33 inch pagedimen
		/B5 7.16 inch 10.125 inch pagedimen
	end
	} def
/papersize {
	papersizedict begin
		/Letter {lettertray letter} def
		/LetterSmall {lettertray lettersmall} def
		/Tabloid {11x17tray 11x17} def
		/Ledger {ledgertray ledger} def
		/Legal {legaltray legal} def
		/Statement {statementtray statement} def
		/Executive {executivetray executive} def
		/A3 {a3tray a3} def
		/A4 {a4tray a4} def
		/A4Small {a4tray a4small} def
		/B4 {b4tray b4} def
		/B5 {b5tray b5} def
		/unknown {unknown} def
	papersizedict dup papername known {papername} {/unknown} ifelse get
	end
	/FMdicttop countdictstack 1 add def 
	statusdict begin stopped end 
	countdictstack -1 FMdicttop {pop end} for 
	} def
/manualpapersize {
	papersizedict begin
		/Letter {letter} def
		/LetterSmall {lettersmall} def
		/Tabloid {11x17} def
		/Ledger {ledger} def
		/Legal {legal} def
		/Statement {statement} def
		/Executive {executive} def
		/A3 {a3} def
		/A4 {a4} def
		/A4Small {a4small} def
		/B4 {b4} def
		/B5 {b5} def
		/unknown {unknown} def
	papersizedict dup papername known {papername} {/unknown} ifelse get
	end
	stopped 
	} def
/desperatepapersize {
	statusdict /setpageparams known
		{
		paperwidth paperheight 0 1 
		statusdict begin
		{setpageparams} stopped pop 
		end
		} if
	} def
/savematrix {
	orgmatrix currentmatrix pop
	} bind def
/restorematrix {
	orgmatrix setmatrix
	} bind def
/dmatrix matrix def
/dpi    72 0 dmatrix defaultmatrix dtransform
    dup mul exch   dup mul add   sqrt def
/freq dpi 18.75 div 8 div round dup 0 eq {pop 1} if 8 mul dpi exch div def
/sangle 1 0 dmatrix defaultmatrix dtransform exch atan def
/DiacriticEncoding [
/.notdef /.notdef /.notdef /.notdef /.notdef /.notdef /.notdef
/.notdef /.notdef /.notdef /.notdef /.notdef /.notdef /.notdef
/.notdef /.notdef /.notdef /.notdef /.notdef /.notdef /.notdef
/.notdef /.notdef /.notdef /.notdef /.notdef /.notdef /.notdef
/.notdef /.notdef /.notdef /.notdef /space /exclam /quotedbl
/numbersign /dollar /percent /ampersand /quotesingle /parenleft
/parenright /asterisk /plus /comma /hyphen /period /slash /zero /one
/two /three /four /five /six /seven /eight /nine /colon /semicolon
/less /equal /greater /question /at /A /B /C /D /E /F /G /H /I /J /K
/L /M /N /O /P /Q /R /S /T /U /V /W /X /Y /Z /bracketleft /backslash
/bracketright /asciicircum /underscore /grave /a /b /c /d /e /f /g /h
/i /j /k /l /m /n /o /p /q /r /s /t /u /v /w /x /y /z /braceleft /bar
/braceright /asciitilde /.notdef /Adieresis /Aring /Ccedilla /Eacute
/Ntilde /Odieresis /Udieresis /aacute /agrave /acircumflex /adieresis
/atilde /aring /ccedilla /eacute /egrave /ecircumflex /edieresis
/iacute /igrave /icircumflex /idieresis /ntilde /oacute /ograve
/ocircumflex /odieresis /otilde /uacute /ugrave /ucircumflex
/udieresis /dagger /.notdef /cent /sterling /section /bullet
/paragraph /germandbls /registered /copyright /trademark /acute
/dieresis /.notdef /AE /Oslash /.notdef /.notdef /.notdef /.notdef
/yen /.notdef /.notdef /.notdef /.notdef /.notdef /.notdef
/ordfeminine /ordmasculine /.notdef /ae /oslash /questiondown
/exclamdown /logicalnot /.notdef /florin /.notdef /.notdef
/guillemotleft /guillemotright /ellipsis /.notdef /Agrave /Atilde
/Otilde /OE /oe /endash /emdash /quotedblleft /quotedblright
/quoteleft /quoteright /.notdef /.notdef /ydieresis /Ydieresis
/fraction /currency /guilsinglleft /guilsinglright /fi /fl /daggerdbl
/periodcentered /quotesinglbase /quotedblbase /perthousand
/Acircumflex /Ecircumflex /Aacute /Edieresis /Egrave /Iacute
/Icircumflex /Idieresis /Igrave /Oacute /Ocircumflex /.notdef /Ograve
/Uacute /Ucircumflex /Ugrave /dotlessi /circumflex /tilde /macron
/breve /dotaccent /ring /cedilla /hungarumlaut /ogonek /caron
] def
/ReEncode { 
	dup 
	length 
	dict begin 
	{
	1 index /FID ne 
		{def} 
		{pop pop} ifelse 
	} forall 
	0 eq {/Encoding DiacriticEncoding def} if 
	currentdict 
	end 
	} bind def
/graymode true def
	/bwidth FMLOCAL
	/bpside FMLOCAL
	/bstring FMLOCAL
	/onbits FMLOCAL
	/offbits FMLOCAL
	/xindex FMLOCAL
	/yindex FMLOCAL
	/x FMLOCAL
	/y FMLOCAL
/setpattern {
	 /bwidth  exch def
	 /bpside  exch def
	 /bstring exch def
	 /onbits 0 def  /offbits 0 def
	 freq sangle landscape {90 add} if 
		{/y exch def
		 /x exch def
		 /xindex x 1 add 2 div bpside mul cvi def
		 /yindex y 1 add 2 div bpside mul cvi def
		 bstring yindex bwidth mul xindex 8 idiv add get
		 1 7 xindex 8 mod sub bitshift and 0 ne
		 {/onbits  onbits  1 add def 1}
		 {/offbits offbits 1 add def 0}
		 ifelse
		}
		setscreen
	 {} settransfer
	 offbits offbits onbits add div FMsetgray
	/graymode false def
	} bind def
/grayness {
	FMsetgray
	graymode not {
		/graymode true def
		orgxfer cvx settransfer
		orgfreq organgle orgproc cvx setscreen
		} if
	} bind def
	/HUE FMLOCAL
	/SAT FMLOCAL
	/BRIGHT FMLOCAL
	/Colors FMLOCAL
FMPrintInColor 
	
	{
	/HUE 0 def
	/SAT 0 def
	/BRIGHT 0 def
	% array of arrays Hue and Sat values for the separations [HUE BRIGHT]
	/Colors   
	[[0    0  ]    % black
	 [0    0  ]    % white
	 [0.00 1.0]    % red
	 [0.37 1.0]    % green
	 [0.60 1.0]    % blue
	 [0.50 1.0]    % cyan
	 [0.83 1.0]    % magenta
	 [0.16 1.0]    % comment / yellow
	 ] def
      
	/BEGINBITMAPCOLOR { 
		BITMAPCOLOR} def
	/BEGINBITMAPCOLORc { 
		BITMAPCOLORc} def
	/BEGINBITMAPTRUECOLOR { 
		BITMAPTRUECOLOR } def
	/BEGINBITMAPTRUECOLORc { 
		BITMAPTRUECOLORc } def
	/K { 
		Colors exch get dup
		0 get /HUE exch store 
		1 get /BRIGHT exch store
		  HUE 0 eq BRIGHT 0 eq and
			{1.0 SAT sub setgray}
			{HUE SAT BRIGHT sethsbcolor} 
		  ifelse
		} def
	/FMsetgray { 
		/SAT exch 1.0 exch sub store 
		  HUE 0 eq BRIGHT 0 eq and
			{1.0 SAT sub setgray}
			{HUE SAT BRIGHT sethsbcolor} 
		  ifelse
		} bind def
	}
	
	{
	/BEGINBITMAPCOLOR { 
		BITMAPGRAY} def
	/BEGINBITMAPCOLORc { 
		BITMAPGRAYc} def
	/BEGINBITMAPTRUECOLOR { 
		BITMAPTRUEGRAY } def
	/BEGINBITMAPTRUECOLORc { 
		BITMAPTRUEGRAYc } def
	/FMsetgray {setgray} bind def
	/K { 
		pop
		} def
	}
ifelse
/normalize {
	transform round exch round exch itransform
	} bind def
/dnormalize {
	dtransform round exch round exch idtransform
	} bind def
/lnormalize { 
	0 dtransform exch cvi 2 idiv 2 mul 1 add exch idtransform pop
	} bind def
/H { 
	lnormalize setlinewidth
	} bind def
/Z {
	setlinecap
	} bind def
	/fillvals FMLOCAL
/X { 
	fillvals exch get
	dup type /stringtype eq
	{8 1 setpattern} 
	{grayness}
	ifelse
	} bind def
/V { 
	gsave eofill grestore
	} bind def
/N { 
	stroke
	} bind def
/M {newpath moveto} bind def
/E {lineto} bind def
/D {curveto} bind def
/O {closepath} bind def
	/n FMLOCAL
/L { 
 	/n exch def
	newpath
	normalize
	moveto 
	2 1 n {pop normalize lineto} for
	} bind def
/Y { 
	L 
	closepath
	} bind def
	/x1 FMLOCAL
	/x2 FMLOCAL
	/y1 FMLOCAL
	/y2 FMLOCAL
	/rad FMLOCAL
/R { 
	/y2 exch def
	/x2 exch def
	/y1 exch def
	/x1 exch def
	x1 y1
	x2 y1
	x2 y2
	x1 y2
	4 Y 
	} bind def
/RR { 
	/rad exch def
	normalize
	/y2 exch def
	/x2 exch def
	normalize
	/y1 exch def
	/x1 exch def
	newpath
	x1 y1 rad add moveto
	x1 y2 x2 y2 rad arcto
	x2 y2 x2 y1 rad arcto
	x2 y1 x1 y1 rad arcto
	x1 y1 x1 y2 rad arcto
	closepath
	16 {pop} repeat
	} bind def
/C { 
	grestore
	gsave
	R 
	clip
	} bind def
	/FMpointsize FMLOCAL
/F { 
	FMfonts exch get
	FMpointsize scalefont
	setfont
	} bind def
/Q { 
	/FMpointsize exch def
	F 
	} bind def
/T { 
	moveto show
	} bind def
/RF { 
	rotate
	0 ne {-1 1 scale} if
	} bind def
/TF { 
	gsave
	moveto 
	RF
	show
	grestore
	} bind def
/P { 
	moveto
	0 32 3 2 roll widthshow
	} bind def
/PF { 
	gsave
	moveto 
	RF
	0 32 3 2 roll widthshow
	grestore
	} bind def
/S { 
	moveto
	0 exch ashow
	} bind def
/SF { 
	gsave
	moveto
	RF
	0 exch ashow
	grestore
	} bind def
/B { 
	moveto
	0 32 4 2 roll 0 exch awidthshow
	} bind def
/BF { 
	gsave
	moveto
	RF
	0 32 4 2 roll 0 exch awidthshow
	grestore
	} bind def
/G { 
	gsave
	newpath
	normalize translate 0.0 0.0 moveto 
	dnormalize scale 
	0.0 0.0 1.0 5 3 roll arc 
	closepath fill
	grestore
	} bind def
/A { 
	gsave
	savematrix
	newpath
	2 index 2 div add exch 3 index 2 div sub exch 
	normalize 2 index 2 div sub exch 3 index 2 div add exch 
	translate 
	scale 
	0.0 0.0 1.0 5 3 roll arc 
	restorematrix
	stroke
	grestore
	} bind def
	/x FMLOCAL
	/y FMLOCAL
	/w FMLOCAL
	/h FMLOCAL
	/xx FMLOCAL
	/yy FMLOCAL
	/ww FMLOCAL
	/hh FMLOCAL
	/FMsaveobject FMLOCAL
	/FMoptop FMLOCAL
	/FMdicttop FMLOCAL
/BEGINPRINTCODE { 
	/FMdicttop countdictstack 1 add def 
	/FMoptop count 4 sub def 
	/FMsaveobject save def
	userdict begin 
	/showpage {} def 
	FMNORMALIZEGRAPHICS 
	3 index neg 3 index neg translate
	} bind def
/ENDPRINTCODE {
	count -1 FMoptop {pop pop} for 
	countdictstack -1 FMdicttop {pop end} for 
	FMsaveobject restore 
	} bind def
/gn { 
	0 
	{	46 mul 
		cf read pop 
		32 sub 
		dup 46 lt {exit} if 
		46 sub add 
		} loop
	add 
	} bind def
	/str FMLOCAL
/cfs { 
	/str sl string def 
	0 1 sl 1 sub {str exch val put} for 
	str def 
	} bind def
/ic [ 
	0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0223
	0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0223
	0
	{0 hx} {1 hx} {2 hx} {3 hx} {4 hx} {5 hx} {6 hx} {7 hx} {8 hx} {9 hx}
	{10 hx} {11 hx} {12 hx} {13 hx} {14 hx} {15 hx} {16 hx} {17 hx} {18 hx}
	{19 hx} {gn hx} {0} {1} {2} {3} {4} {5} {6} {7} {8} {9} {10} {11} {12}
	{13} {14} {15} {16} {17} {18} {19} {gn} {0 wh} {1 wh} {2 wh} {3 wh}
	{4 wh} {5 wh} {6 wh} {7 wh} {8 wh} {9 wh} {10 wh} {11 wh} {12 wh}
	{13 wh} {14 wh} {gn wh} {0 bl} {1 bl} {2 bl} {3 bl} {4 bl} {5 bl} {6 bl}
	{7 bl} {8 bl} {9 bl} {10 bl} {11 bl} {12 bl} {13 bl} {14 bl} {gn bl}
	{0 fl} {1 fl} {2 fl} {3 fl} {4 fl} {5 fl} {6 fl} {7 fl} {8 fl} {9 fl}
	{10 fl} {11 fl} {12 fl} {13 fl} {14 fl} {gn fl}
	] def
	/sl FMLOCAL
	/val FMLOCAL
	/ws FMLOCAL
	/im FMLOCAL
	/bs FMLOCAL
	/cs FMLOCAL
	/len FMLOCAL
	/pos FMLOCAL
/ms { 
	/sl exch def 
	/val 255 def 
	/ws cfs 
	/im cfs 
	/val 0 def 
	/bs cfs 
	/cs cfs 
	} bind def
400 ms 
/ip { 
	is 
	0 
	cf cs readline pop 
	{	ic exch get exec 
		add 
		} forall 
	pop 
	
	} bind def
/wh { 
	/len exch def 
	/pos exch def 
	ws 0 len getinterval im pos len getinterval copy pop
	pos len 
	} bind def
/bl { 
	/len exch def 
	/pos exch def 
	bs 0 len getinterval im pos len getinterval copy pop
	pos len 
	} bind def
/s1 1 string def
/fl { 
	/len exch def 
	/pos exch def 
	/val cf s1 readhexstring pop 0 get def
	pos 1 pos len add 1 sub {im exch val put} for
	pos len 
	} bind def
/hx { 
	3 copy getinterval 
	cf exch readhexstring pop pop 
	} bind def
	/h FMLOCAL
	/w FMLOCAL
	/d FMLOCAL
	/lb FMLOCAL
	/bitmapsave FMLOCAL
	/is FMLOCAL
	/cf FMLOCAL
/wbytes { 
	dup 
	8 eq {pop} {1 eq {7 add 8 idiv} {3 add 4 idiv} ifelse} ifelse
	} bind def
/BEGINBITMAPBWc { 
	1 {} COMMONBITMAPc
	} bind def
/BEGINBITMAPGRAYc { 
	8 {} COMMONBITMAPc
	} bind def
/BEGINBITMAP2BITc { 
	2 {} COMMONBITMAPc
	} bind def
/COMMONBITMAPc { 
	/r exch def
	/d exch def
	gsave
	translate rotate scale /h exch def /w exch def
	/lb w d wbytes def 
	sl lb lt {lb ms} if 
	/bitmapsave save def 
	r                    
	/is im 0 lb getinterval def 
	ws 0 lb getinterval is copy pop 
	/cf currentfile def 
	w h d [w 0 0 h neg 0 h] 
	{ip} image 
	bitmapsave restore 
	grestore
	} bind def
/BEGINBITMAPBW { 
	1 {} COMMONBITMAP
	} bind def
/BEGINBITMAPGRAY { 
	8 {} COMMONBITMAP
	} bind def
/BEGINBITMAP2BIT { 
	2 {} COMMONBITMAP
	} bind def
/COMMONBITMAP { 
	/r exch def
	/d exch def
	gsave
	translate rotate scale /h exch def /w exch def
	/bitmapsave save def 
	r                    
	/is w d wbytes string def
	/cf currentfile def 
	w h d [w 0 0 h neg 0 h] 
	{cf is readhexstring pop} image
	bitmapsave restore 
	grestore
	} bind def
	/proc1 FMLOCAL
	/proc2 FMLOCAL
	/newproc FMLOCAL
/Fmcc {
    /proc2 exch cvlit def
    /proc1 exch cvlit def
    /newproc proc1 length proc2 length add array def
    newproc 0 proc1 putinterval
    newproc proc1 length proc2 putinterval
    newproc cvx
} bind def
/ngrayt 256 array def
/nredt 256 array def
/nbluet 256 array def
/ngreent 256 array def
	/gryt FMLOCAL
	/blut FMLOCAL
	/grnt FMLOCAL
	/redt FMLOCAL
	/indx FMLOCAL
	/cynu FMLOCAL
	/magu FMLOCAL
	/yelu FMLOCAL
	/k FMLOCAL
	/u FMLOCAL
/colorsetup {
	currentcolortransfer
	/gryt exch def
	/blut exch def
	/grnt exch def
	/redt exch def
	0 1 255 {
		/indx exch def
		/cynu 1 red indx get 255 div sub def
		/magu 1 green indx get 255 div sub def
		/yelu 1 blue indx get 255 div sub def
		/k cynu magu min yelu min def
		/u k currentundercolorremoval exec def
		nredt indx 1 0 cynu u sub max sub redt exec put
		ngreent indx 1 0 magu u sub max sub grnt exec put
		nbluet indx 1 0 yelu u sub max sub blut exec put
		ngrayt indx 1 k currentblackgeneration exec sub gryt exec put
	} for
	{255 mul cvi nredt exch get}
	{255 mul cvi ngreent exch get}
	{255 mul cvi nbluet exch get}
	{255 mul cvi ngrayt exch get}
	setcolortransfer
	{pop 0} setundercolorremoval
	{} setblackgeneration
	} bind def
	/tran FMLOCAL
/fakecolorsetup {
	/tran 256 string def
	0 1 255 {/indx exch def 
		tran indx
		red indx get 77 mul
		green indx get 151 mul
		blue indx get 28 mul
		add add 256 idiv put} for
	currenttransfer
	{255 mul cvi tran exch get 255.0 div}
	exch Fmcc settransfer
} bind def
/BITMAPCOLOR { 
	/d 8 def
	gsave
	translate rotate scale /h exch def /w exch def
	/bitmapsave save def 
	colorsetup
	/is w d wbytes string def
	/cf currentfile def 
	w h d [w 0 0 h neg 0 h] 
	{cf is readhexstring pop} {is} {is} true 3 colorimage 
	bitmapsave restore 
	grestore
	} bind def
/BITMAPCOLORc { 
	/d 8 def
	gsave
	translate rotate scale /h exch def /w exch def
	/lb w d wbytes def 
	sl lb lt {lb ms} if 
	/bitmapsave save def 
	colorsetup
	/is im 0 lb getinterval def 
	ws 0 lb getinterval is copy pop 
	/cf currentfile def 
	w h d [w 0 0 h neg 0 h] 
	{ip} {is} {is} true 3 colorimage
	bitmapsave restore 
	grestore
	} bind def
/BITMAPTRUECOLORc { 
        gsave
        translate rotate scale /h exch def /w exch def
        /bitmapsave save def 
        
        /is w string def
        
        ws 0 w getinterval is copy pop 
        /cf currentfile def 
        w h 8 [w 0 0 h neg 0 h] 
        {ip} {gip} {bip} true 3 colorimage
        bitmapsave restore 
        grestore
        } bind def
/BITMAPTRUECOLOR { 
        gsave
        translate rotate scale /h exch def /w exch def
        /bitmapsave save def 
        /is w string def
        /gis w string def
        /bis w string def
        /cf currentfile def 
        w h 8 [w 0 0 h neg 0 h] 
        { cf is readhexstring pop } 
        { cf gis readhexstring pop } 
        { cf bis readhexstring pop } 
        true 3 colorimage 
        bitmapsave restore 
        grestore
        } bind def
/BITMAPTRUEGRAYc { 
        gsave
        translate rotate scale /h exch def /w exch def
        /bitmapsave save def 
        
        /is w string def
        
        ws 0 w getinterval is copy pop 
        /cf currentfile def 
        w h 8 [w 0 0 h neg 0 h] 
        {ip gip bip w gray} image
        bitmapsave restore 
        grestore
        } bind def
/ww FMLOCAL
/r FMLOCAL
/g FMLOCAL
/b FMLOCAL
/i FMLOCAL
/gray { 
        /ww exch def
        /b exch def
        /g exch def
        /r exch def
        0 1 ww 1 sub { /i exch def r i get .299 mul g i get .587 mul
			b i get .114 mul add add r i 3 -1 roll floor cvi put } for
        r
        } bind def
/BITMAPTRUEGRAY { 
        gsave
        translate rotate scale /h exch def /w exch def
        /bitmapsave save def 
        /is w string def
        /gis w string def
        /bis w string def
        /cf currentfile def 
        w h 8 [w 0 0 h neg 0 h] 
        { cf is readhexstring pop 
          cf gis readhexstring pop 
          cf bis readhexstring pop w gray}  image
        bitmapsave restore 
        grestore
        } bind def
/BITMAPGRAY { 
	8 {fakecolorsetup} COMMONBITMAP
	} bind def
/BITMAPGRAYc { 
	8 {fakecolorsetup} COMMONBITMAPc
	} bind def
/ENDBITMAP {
	} bind def
end 
	/ALDsave FMLOCAL
	/ALDmatrix matrix def ALDmatrix currentmatrix pop
/StartALD {
	/ALDsave save def
	 savematrix
	 ALDmatrix setmatrix
	} bind def
/InALD {
	 restorematrix
	} bind def
/DoneALD {
	 ALDsave restore
	} bind def
%%EndProlog
%%BeginSetup
(3.0) FMVERSION
1 1 612 792 0 1 17 FMDOCUMENT
0 0 /Times-Bold FMFONTDEFINE
1 0 /Times-BoldItalic FMFONTDEFINE
2 0 /Courier FMFONTDEFINE
3 0 /Times-Roman FMFONTDEFINE
4 0 /Times-Italic FMFONTDEFINE
32 FMFILLS
0 0 FMFILL
1 0.1 FMFILL
2 0.3 FMFILL
3 0.5 FMFILL
4 0.7 FMFILL
5 0.9 FMFILL
6 0.97 FMFILL
7 1 FMFILL
8 <0f1e3c78f0e1c387> FMFILL
9 <0f87c3e1f0783c1e> FMFILL
10 <cccccccccccccccc> FMFILL
11 <ffff0000ffff0000> FMFILL
12 <8142241818244281> FMFILL
13 <03060c183060c081> FMFILL
14 <8040201008040201> FMFILL
16 1 FMFILL
17 0.9 FMFILL
18 0.7 FMFILL
19 0.5 FMFILL
20 0.3 FMFILL
21 0.1 FMFILL
22 0.03 FMFILL
23 0 FMFILL
24 <f0e1c3870f1e3c78> FMFILL
25 <f0783c1e0f87c3e1> FMFILL
26 <3333333333333333> FMFILL
27 <0000ffff0000ffff> FMFILL
28 <7ebddbe7e7dbbd7e> FMFILL
29 <fcf9f3e7cf9f3f7e> FMFILL
30 <7fbfdfeff7fbfdfe> FMFILL
%%EndSetup
%%Page: "1" 1
%%BeginPaperSize: Letter
%%EndPaperSize
612 792 0 FMBEGINPAGE
108 81 540 81 2 L
7 X
0 K
V
0.25 H
2 Z
0 X
N
108 747 540 747 2 L
7 X
V
3 H
0 Z
0 X
N
108 46.88 342 63 R
7 X
V
0 10 Q
0 X
(29 Jun 93 - 23:14 fabre@osf.org) 108 56.33 T
360 46.88 540 63 R
7 X
V
0 X
(\251 1993 OSF) 360 56.33 T
(1 of 16) 511.69 56.33 T
108 90 540 711 R
7 X
V
1 24 Q
0 X
-1.2 (ANDFizing OSF/1 R1.2 commands) 166.12 695 S
0 12 Q
(Christian Fabr) 282.96 608 T
(e) 359.71 608 T
(Open Softwar) 254.47 578 T
(e Foundation) 325.88 578 T
(Resear) 277.31 563 T
(ch Institute) 312.39 563 T
(June 1993) 298.18 518 T
0 14 Q
(This paper pr) 180 436.67 T
(esents a study of ANDFizing) 262.16 436.67 T
(OSF/1 R1.2 commands. It describes the various) 180 420.67 T
(portability issues encounter) 180 404.67 T
(ed while) 344.55 404.67 T
(ANDFizing the basic) 180 388.67 T
2 F
(/bin/ls) 307.09 388.67 T
0 F
( command.) 365.86 388.67 T
108 328.98 540 332 C
90 330.49 558 330.49 2 L
0.25 H
2 Z
0 X
0 K
N
0 0 612 792 C
1 16 Q
0 X
0 K
(1. Introduction) 108 337.33 T
3 14 Q
(This paper presents an investigation of the issues involved in porting OSF/1) 108 305.64 T
(R1.2 commands to the ANDF) 108 289.64 T
3 11 Q
(1) 275.52 295.24 T
3 14 Q
( technology) 281.01 289.64 T
(.) 345.78 289.64 T
(OSF/1 Release 1.2 \050OSF/1 for short\051 is the latest version of the operating) 108 261.64 T
(system developed by OSF) 108 245.64 T
(. Release 1.2 is compliant with IEEE Std 1003.2-) 253.41 245.64 T
(1992 [POSIX-SU] and based on the Mach technology) 108 229.64 T
(. Additionally) 409.05 229.64 T
(, OSF/1) 485.88 229.64 T
(Release 1.2 has been successfully tested against the X/Open veri\336cation) 108 213.64 T
(suites \050VSX4\051, verifying source compliance with the base pro\336le of the) 108 197.64 T
(X/Open Portability Guide Issue 4 [XPG/4-IF]) 108 181.64 T
3 11 Q
(2) 364.11 187.24 T
3 14 Q
(.) 369.61 181.64 T
108 144 540 164.09 C
108 151.99 239.98 151.99 2 L
0.25 H
2 Z
0 X
0 K
N
0 0 612 792 C
3 11 Q
0 X
0 K
-0.6 (1.  ANDF is an architecture- and language- neutral distribution format being developed by OSF and) 108 136.67 P
-0.51 (other collaborators around the world. It is based on the TDF technology provided by the Defence) 118.8 124.67 P
(Research Agency \050DRA\051 of the UK Ministry of Defense.) 118.8 112.67 T
-0.31 (2.  Note that the API de\336ned by [ANSI-C] is included in [POSIX-IF] itself included in [XPG/4-IF].) 108 97.67 P
FMENDPAGE
%%EndPage: "1" 2
%%Page: "2" 2
612 792 0 FMBEGINPAGE
108 74.02 540 74.02 2 L
7 X
0 K
V
0.25 H
2 Z
0 X
N
108 750.02 540 750.02 2 L
7 X
V
0 Z
0 X
N
108 46.88 324 63 R
7 X
V
0 10 Q
0 X
(ANDFizing OSF/1 R1.2 commands) 108 56.33 T
108 726.98 540 742.18 R
7 X
V
0 8 Q
0 X
(T) 108 736.84 T
(oken libraries to achieve ar) 112.6 736.84 T
(chitectur) 205.28 736.84 T
(e neutrality) 235.78 736.84 T
351 45 540 61.12 R
7 X
V
0 10 Q
0 X
(2 of 16) 511.69 54.45 T
108 90 540 711 R
7 X
V
3 14 Q
0 X
(Our investigation involved porting commands to the ANDF compiler) 108 701.67 T
(,) 495.32 701.67 T
-0.26 (delivering them as a set of tar) 108 685.67 P
-0.26 (get-independent \324) 271.72 685.67 P
2 F
-0.63 (.j) 369.77 685.67 P
3 F
-0.26 (\325 \336les) 386.56 685.67 P
3 11 Q
-0.21 (3) 417.78 691.27 P
3 14 Q
-0.26 (, and installing them) 423.27 685.67 P
(on two platforms: i386 and mips, both running OSF/1. So far) 108 669.67 T
(, the) 449.48 669.67 T
(investigation has focused on the) 108 653.67 T
2 F
(/bin/ls) 291.05 653.67 T
3 F
( command.) 349.82 653.67 T
108 593.98 540 597 C
90 595.49 558 595.49 2 L
0.25 H
2 Z
0 X
0 K
N
0 0 612 792 C
1 16 Q
0 X
0 K
(2. T) 108 602.33 T
(oken libraries to achieve architecture neutrality) 132.29 602.33 T
3 14 Q
(The key feature of ANDF for achieving architecture neutrality is the) 108 570.64 T
4 F
(token) 493.85 570.64 T
3 F
(mechanism. A token is roughly a typed macro: its tar) 108 554.64 T
(get-independent) 404.67 554.64 T
-0.49 (de\336nition is given in the C producer headers \336les, and each platform provides) 108 538.64 P
(its actual declaration through a tar) 108 522.64 T
(get-dependent token library to be mer) 298.55 522.64 T
(ged) 509.3 522.64 T
(with the \324) 108 506.64 T
2 F
(.j) 161.63 506.64 T
3 F
(\325 ANDF \336le before translation.) 178.42 506.64 T
(Porting with ANDF is usually done in 4 phases:) 108 478.64 T
(\245) 118.8 454.64 T
(Compile and run the application on the current platform with the native) 129.6 454.64 T
(compiler) 129.6 438.64 T
(, hence using the native standard headers and standard libraries.) 178.78 438.64 T
(This is just a sanity check.) 129.6 422.64 T
(\245) 118.8 398.64 T
(Compile and run the application on the current platform with the ANDF) 129.6 398.64 T
(compilation chain using the native header \336les and the native libraries.) 129.6 382.64 T
-0.63 (This phase is to show up any discrepancies between the native C compiler) 129.6 366.64 P
(and the ANDF compilation chain.) 129.6 350.64 T
(\245) 118.8 326.64 T
(Compile and run the application on the current platform with the ANDF) 129.6 326.64 T
(compilation chain using ANDF tar) 129.6 310.64 T
(get-independent include \336les and the) 323.67 310.64 T
(tar) 129.6 294.64 T
(get-dependant token library) 144.11 294.64 T
(. Currently DRA provides \336ve sets of API) 297.86 294.64 T
(headers: ANSI-C, GCC, SYS-V) 129.6 278.64 T
(, POSIX, and XPG/3.) 307.74 278.64 T
(\245) 118.8 254.64 T
(Check that the generated \324) 129.6 254.64 T
2 F
(.j) 276.48 254.64 T
3 F
(\325 \336les can be installed and run on other) 293.27 254.64 T
(platforms.) 129.6 238.64 T
108 201 540 221.09 C
108 208.99 239.98 208.99 2 L
0.25 H
2 Z
0 X
0 K
N
0 0 612 792 C
3 11 Q
0 X
0 K
(3.  This document uses the following terminology:) 108 193.67 T
(A) 118.8 181.67 T
4 F
(pr) 129.48 181.67 T
(oducer) 138.84 181.67 T
3 F
( is all of the software that is used to produce the ANDF form of an application. The) 169.35 181.67 T
-0.29 (primary component of a producer is a) 118.8 169.67 P
4 F
-0.29 (compiler) 284.9 169.67 P
3 F
-0.29 (, which does the actual translation of source code) 323.52 169.67 P
-0.31 (into ANDF) 118.8 157.67 P
-0.31 (. An) 167.36 157.67 P
4 F
-0.31 (installer) 188.41 157.67 P
3 F
-0.31 ( is all of the software used to install an application on a tar) 225.04 157.67 P
-0.31 (get. The main) 477.45 157.67 P
(components of an installer are the) 118.8 145.67 T
4 F
(TDF binder) 270.14 145.67 T
3 F
( which resolves the tar) 322.32 145.67 T
(get-dependencies by mer) 420.98 145.67 T
(g-) 530.61 145.67 T
-0.5 (ing the tar) 118.8 133.67 P
-0.5 (get independent ANDF \336les with the) 162.16 133.67 P
4 F
-0.5 (token libraries) 323.96 133.67 P
3 F
-0.5 ( of the platform, and the) 387.85 133.67 P
4 F
-0.5 (translator) 493.79 133.67 P
3 F
-0.39 (which does the actual translation of tar) 118.8 121.67 P
-0.39 (get-dependent ANDF into machine-code. The tar) 286.49 121.67 P
-0.39 (get-inde-) 500.34 121.67 P
-0.71 (pendent ANDF \336les \050output of producers\051 are suf) 118.8 109.67 P
-0.71 (\336xed by \324) 330.59 109.67 P
2 F
-1.7 (.j) 371.28 109.67 P
3 F
-0.71 (\325. The tar) 384.46 109.67 P
-0.71 (get-dependant ANDF \336les) 423.42 109.67 P
(\050input of translator\051 are suf) 118.8 97.67 T
(\336xed by \324) 236.98 97.67 T
2 F
(.t) 279.09 97.67 T
3 F
(\325.) 292.27 97.67 T
FMENDPAGE
%%EndPage: "2" 3
%%Page: "3" 3
612 792 0 FMBEGINPAGE
108 74.02 540 74.02 2 L
7 X
0 K
V
0.25 H
2 Z
0 X
N
108 750.02 540 750.02 2 L
7 X
V
0 Z
0 X
N
108 46.88 324 63 R
7 X
V
0 10 Q
0 X
(ANDFizing OSF/1 R1.2 commands) 108 56.33 T
108 726.98 540 742.18 R
7 X
V
0 8 Q
0 X
(Standard APIs and OSF/1) 108 736.84 T
351 45 540 61.12 R
7 X
V
0 10 Q
0 X
(3 of 16) 511.69 54.45 T
108 90 540 711 R
7 X
V
3 14 Q
0 X
(For more details about porting C software using the ANDF technology) 108 701.67 T
(, see) 503.51 701.67 T
([SM/OSF-I-93].) 108 685.67 T
108 625.98 540 629 C
90 627.49 558 627.49 2 L
0.25 H
2 Z
0 X
0 K
N
0 0 612 792 C
1 16 Q
0 X
0 K
(3. Standard APIs and OSF/1) 108 634.33 T
3 14 Q
(As stated above, the OSF/1 operating system supports various) 108 602.64 T
4 F
(de jur) 458.56 602.64 T
(e) 491.08 602.64 T
3 F
( APIs:) 497.29 602.64 T
([ANSI-C], [POSIX-IF], [XPG/3-IF] & [XPG/4-IF]. The of) 108 586.64 T
(\336cial API) 436.9 586.64 T
-0.3 (supported by OSF is described in [AES]) 108 570.64 P
3 11 Q
-0.24 (4) 331.61 576.24 P
3 14 Q
-0.3 (. Besides these) 337.11 570.64 P
4 F
-0.3 (de-jur) 422.48 570.64 P
-0.3 (e) 456.16 570.64 P
3 F
-0.3 ( APIs, OSF/1) 462.38 570.64 P
(supports partially APIs coming from other branches of the Unix family such) 108 554.64 T
(as:) 108 538.64 T
(\245) 118.8 514.64 T
(Mach, from Carnegie Mellon University) 129.6 514.64 T
(, as OSF/1 is based on the Mach) 355.25 514.64 T
(technology;) 129.6 498.64 T
(\245) 118.8 474.64 T
(BSD, from the University of Berkeley) 129.6 474.64 T
(.) 342.44 474.64 T
4 F
(e.g.) 349.43 474.64 T
3 F
( the sockets;) 369.64 474.64 T
(\245) 118.8 450.64 T
(System-V) 129.6 450.64 T
(, from USL.) 183.76 450.64 T
4 F
(e.g.) 254.89 450.64 T
3 F
( shared memory facilities and semaphores.) 275.09 450.64 T
(The actual interface) 108 422.64 T
4 F
(accessible) 222.61 422.64 T
3 F
( \050as opposed to) 280.12 422.64 T
4 F
(supported) 367.95 422.64 T
3 F
(\051 through OSF\325) 423.92 422.64 T
(s) 508.66 422.64 T
2 F
(/usr/include) 108 406.64 T
3 F
( headers and the C libraries is much lar) 208.74 406.64 T
(ger than [AES].) 426.89 406.64 T
(Moreover) 108 390.64 T
(, as the OSF/1 commands have to access internal structures of the) 162.61 390.64 T
(OS, they are more likely to use) 108 374.64 T
4 F
(unsupported) 285.21 374.64 T
3 11 Q
(5) 355.17 380.24 T
3 14 Q
( APIs.) 360.67 374.64 T
4 F
(e.g.) 399.15 374.64 T
3 F
(:) 419.35 374.64 T
2 F
(/bin/ps) 426.74 374.64 T
3 F
( has to) 485.51 374.64 T
(access the process table of OSF/1\325) 108 358.64 T
(s kernel to obtain the status of a process.) 299.58 358.64 T
108 298.95 540 301.98 C
90 300.46 558 300.46 2 L
0.25 H
2 Z
0 X
0 K
N
0 0 612 792 C
1 16 Q
0 X
0 K
(4. ANDFizing the) 108 307.31 T
2 14 Q
(/bin/ls) 228.85 307.31 T
1 16 Q
( command) 287.61 307.31 T
0 14 Q
(The) 108 251.62 T
2 F
(ls) 134.82 251.62 T
0 F
( command) 151.61 251.62 T
2 F
-0.11 (ls) 108 222.62 P
3 F
-0.05 ( is a basic command of all Unix operating systems. The baseline behavior) 124.79 222.62 P
(as described in detail in [POSIX-SU] and [XPG/4-CU] is supported by OSF) 108 206.62 T
(together with some additional functionality) 108 190.62 T
(.) 348.84 190.62 T
2 F
(ls) 355.83 190.62 T
3 F
( prints out \336le names and) 372.62 190.62 T
(directory contents in various formats,) 108 174.62 T
4 F
(e.g.) 320.96 174.62 T
3 F
(:) 341.17 174.62 T
108 132 540 152.09 C
108 139.99 239.98 139.99 2 L
0.25 H
2 Z
0 X
0 K
N
0 0 612 792 C
3 11 Q
0 X
0 K
(4.  [AES] is OSF\325) 108 124.67 T
(s of) 185.83 124.67 T
(\336cial API. It incorporates features coming either from BSD or System-V) 201.8 124.67 T
(. Its) 519.85 124.67 T
(de\336nition is several years old, an updated version is in progress at OSF) 118.8 112.67 T
(.) 430.09 112.67 T
-0.06 (5.  The word) 108 97.67 P
4 F
-0.06 (unsupported) 166.65 97.67 P
3 F
-0.06 ( just means that OSF is not committed to the stability of these interfaces.) 221.58 97.67 P
FMENDPAGE
%%EndPage: "3" 4
%%Page: "4" 4
612 792 0 FMBEGINPAGE
108 74.02 540 74.02 2 L
7 X
0 K
V
0.25 H
2 Z
0 X
N
108 750.02 540 750.02 2 L
7 X
V
0 Z
0 X
N
108 46.88 324 63 R
7 X
V
0 10 Q
0 X
(ANDFizing OSF/1 R1.2 commands) 108 56.33 T
108 726.98 540 742.18 R
7 X
V
0 8 Q
0 X
(ANDFizing the /bin/ls command) 108 736.84 T
351 45 540 61.12 R
7 X
V
0 10 Q
0 X
(4 of 16) 511.69 54.45 T
108 90 540 711 R
7 X
V
3 14 Q
0 X
(\245) 118.8 701.67 T
(Line-by-line, or with \336le names aligned in columns \050option) 129.6 701.67 T
2 F
(-C) 464.62 701.67 T
3 F
(\051;) 481.41 701.67 T
(\245) 118.8 677.67 T
-0.87 (The) 129.6 677.67 P
2 F
-2.09 (-F) 153.99 677.67 P
3 F
-0.87 ( option appends a character at the end at a \336le name to give its type:) 170.78 677.67 P
-0.1 (\324) 129.6 661.67 P
2 F
-0.23 (/) 134.26 661.67 P
3 F
-0.1 (\325 for directories, \324) 142.65 661.67 P
2 F
-0.23 (*) 241.05 661.67 P
3 F
-0.1 (\325 for executables \324) 249.45 661.67 P
2 F
-0.23 (@) 350.56 661.67 P
3 F
-0.1 (\325 for symbolic links, and \324) 358.96 661.67 P
2 F
-0.23 (=) 503.83 661.67 P
3 F
-0.1 (\325 for) 512.22 661.67 P
(sockets, as in \050where) 129.6 645.67 T
2 F
(bin) 249.67 645.67 T
3 F
( is a symbolic link to) 274.85 645.67 T
2 F
(/usr/bin) 395.36 645.67 T
3 F
(\051:) 462.52 645.67 T
2 10 Q
(% ls -F) 144 626.33 T
(bin@) 144 614.33 T
3 14 Q
(\245) 118.8 591.67 T
-0.06 (Just the \336le name, or both \336le name and additional information about the) 129.6 591.67 P
-0.06 (\336le \050option) 129.6 575.67 P
2 F
-0.15 (-l) 194.78 575.67 P
3 F
-0.06 (\051 like the size, the number of links\311 For special \336les \050) 211.57 575.67 P
4 F
-0.06 (e.g.) 516.36 575.67 P
3 F
-0.07 (in the) 129.6 559.67 P
2 F
-0.16 (/dev) 164.45 559.67 P
3 F
-0.07 ( directory\051) 198.03 559.67 P
2 F
-0.16 (ls -l) 260.07 559.67 P
3 F
-0.07 ( prints out their) 301.89 559.67 P
4 F
-0.07 (major) 391.02 559.67 P
3 F
-0.07 ( and) 424.45 559.67 P
4 F
-0.07 (minor) 451.52 559.67 P
3 F
-0.07 ( numbers) 484.95 559.67 P
(of the device in place of the size, for example:) 129.6 543.67 T
2 10 Q
(% ls -l /dev/tty) 144 524.33 T
(lcrw-rw-rw- 1 root 19) 144 512.33 T
( 2, 0 May) 299.91 512.33 T
(7 15:23 /dev/tty) 365.88 512.33 T
3 14 Q
(\245) 118.8 489.67 T
(While listing directories with some options turned on \050) 129.6 489.67 T
4 F
(e.g.) 435.86 489.67 T
2 F
(-l) 459.57 489.67 T
3 F
(\051, the) 476.36 489.67 T
2 F
(ls) 508.61 489.67 T
3 F
-0.11 (command prints out on the \336rst line of output the actual size occupied by) 129.6 473.67 P
(the directory elements, in 512 byte units, for example:) 129.6 457.67 T
2 10 Q
(% ls -l) 144 438.33 T
(total 66) 144 426.33 T
(-rw-r--r-- 1 fabre wheel) 144 414.33 T
(32081 May  7) 299.91 414.33 T
(16:06 ls.c) 377.87 414.33 T
(-rw-r--r-- 1 fabre wheel) 144 402.33 T
(411 Feb 25 13:56 ls_msg.h) 311.91 402.33 T
2 14 Q
(ls) 108 351.67 T
0 F
( and portability) 124.79 351.67 T
3 F
(The purpose of this investigation is not to have a portable version of) 108 322.67 T
2 F
(/bin/ls) 108 306.67 T
3 F
(, but rather to detect and highlight the dependencies of OSF\325) 166.77 306.67 T
(s) 504.49 306.67 T
-0.17 (version upon the various levels of API provided by OSF/1, in order to have a) 108 290.67 P
(portable version of OSF\325) 108 274.67 T
(s \337avor of) 246.75 274.67 T
2 F
(/bin/ls) 306.98 274.67 T
3 F
(. Indeed, a side-ef) 365.75 274.67 T
(fect of this) 465.35 274.67 T
(investigation is that it seems impossible to write a version of) 108 258.67 T
2 F
(/bin/ls) 450.42 258.67 T
3 F
(providing all the functionality that one can expect from this command by) 108 242.67 T
(strictly adhering to) 108 226.67 T
4 F
(de jur) 217.21 226.67 T
(e) 249.73 226.67 T
3 F
( APIs.) 255.94 226.67 T
(The) 108 198.67 T
2 F
(ls) 133.26 198.67 T
3 F
( command is built from one C source \336le) 150.05 198.67 T
2 F
(ls.c) 382.85 198.67 T
3 F
(. This \336le acquires) 416.43 198.67 T
(object) 108 182.67 T
3 11 Q
(6) 142.2 188.27 T
3 14 Q
( de\336nitions/declarations from various standard header include \336les.) 147.69 182.67 T
(Some of these objects have got a precise \050) 108 166.67 T
4 F
(de jur) 342.71 166.67 T
(e) 375.23 166.67 T
3 F
(\051 de\336nition, either through) 381.44 166.67 T
-0.12 (OSF\325) 108 150.67 P
-0.12 (s speci\336ed interface [AES] or through other speci\336ed interfaces such as) 137.55 150.67 P
-0.14 ([XPG/4-IF] or [SVID-3]. Other objects have no) 108 134.67 P
4 F
-0.14 (de-jur) 377.48 134.67 P
-0.14 (e) 411.16 134.67 P
3 F
-0.14 ( speci\336cation, but are) 417.37 134.67 P
108 105 540 125.09 C
108 112.99 239.98 112.99 2 L
0.25 H
2 Z
0 X
0 K
N
0 0 612 792 C
3 11 Q
0 X
0 K
(6.  By object we mean types, function names, constants\311) 108 97.67 T
FMENDPAGE
%%EndPage: "4" 5
%%Page: "5" 5
612 792 0 FMBEGINPAGE
108 74.02 540 74.02 2 L
7 X
0 K
V
0.25 H
2 Z
0 X
N
108 750.02 540 750.02 2 L
7 X
V
0 Z
0 X
N
108 46.88 324 63 R
7 X
V
0 10 Q
0 X
(ANDFizing OSF/1 R1.2 commands) 108 56.33 T
108 726.98 540 742.18 R
7 X
V
0 8 Q
0 X
(ANDFizing the /bin/ls command) 108 736.84 T
351 45 540 61.12 R
7 X
V
0 10 Q
0 X
(5 of 16) 511.69 54.45 T
108 90 540 711 R
7 X
V
3 14 Q
0 X
(present for historical reasons on almost all Unix \337avors, and therefore are) 108 701.67 T
(also present in OSF/1. The) 108 685.67 T
2 F
(ioctl\050\051) 261.13 685.67 T
3 F
( function is such an historical facility) 319.9 685.67 T
(.) 526.52 685.67 T
(W) 108 657.67 T
(e describe here the various issues raised while porting) 120.09 657.67 T
2 F
(ls) 425.14 657.67 T
3 F
(.) 441.93 657.67 T
4 F
(\321 The) 108 605.67 T
2 F
(errno) 148.42 605.67 T
4 F
( variable) 190.4 605.67 T
2 F
(ls.c) 108 576.67 T
3 F
( includes) 141.58 576.67 T
2 F
(<sys/errno.h>) 195.21 576.67 T
3 F
( to provide the de\336nition of the) 304.35 576.67 T
2 F
(errno) 481.97 576.67 T
3 F
(variable, and the) 108 560.67 T
2 F
(EACCES) 204.37 560.67 T
3 F
( constant. No standards body speci\336es this \336le.) 254.74 560.67 T
-0.56 (According to [XPG/4-IF], these entities are de\336ned in the standard header \336le) 108 544.67 P
2 F
(<errno.h>) 108 528.67 T
3 F
(.) 183.56 528.67 T
(The) 108 500.67 T
2 F
(<sys/errno.h>) 133.26 500.67 T
3 F
( header was replaced by) 242.4 500.67 T
2 F
(<errno.h>) 380.32 500.67 T
3 F
(.) 455.88 500.67 T
4 F
(\321 Size of the scr) 108 448.67 T
(een in columns) 201.54 448.67 T
3 F
(T) 108 419.67 T
(o line-up names in columns,) 115.57 419.67 T
2 F
(ls) 277.25 419.67 T
3 F
( either uses the value present in the) 294.04 419.67 T
-0.33 (environment variable) 108 403.67 P
2 F
-0.8 (COLUMNS) 230.13 403.67 P
3 F
-0.33 (, or obtains the horizontal size, in characters,) 288.9 403.67 P
(of the window it is running in. The latter is done by a call to) 108 387.67 T
2 F
(ioctl\050\051) 447.68 387.67 T
3 F
( with) 506.45 387.67 T
(the constants) 108 371.67 T
2 F
(STDOUT_FILENO) 184.17 371.67 T
3 F
(and) 301.71 371.67 T
2 F
(TIOCGWINSZ) 325.41 371.67 T
3 F
( and an empty) 409.37 371.67 T
2 F
(winsize) 108 355.67 T
3 F
( structure as parameters. After the call, the number of columns of) 166.77 355.67 T
(the enclosing window is in the \336eld) 108 339.67 T
2 F
(ws_col) 310.5 339.67 T
3 F
( of the) 360.87 339.67 T
2 F
(winsize) 400.12 339.67 T
3 F
( structure.) 458.89 339.67 T
(Here we come down to critical issues with regards to) 108 311.67 T
2 F
(ls) 407.99 311.67 T
3 F
( portability) 424.79 311.67 T
(.) 485.68 311.67 T
(Obtaining the size of a window seems to be highly OS-dependent: OSF/1) 108 295.67 T
(uses a structure named) 108 279.67 T
2 F
(winsize) 238.56 279.67 T
3 F
( and the command passed to) 297.33 279.67 T
2 F
(ioctl\050\051) 459 279.67 T
3 F
( is) 517.77 279.67 T
2 F
(TIOCGWINSZ) 108 263.67 T
3 11 Q
(7) 191.95 269.27 T
3 14 Q
(, while SunOS de\336nes a structure named) 197.45 263.67 T
2 F
(ttysize) 428.29 263.67 T
3 F
(, and the) 487.06 263.67 T
(command name is) 108 247.67 T
2 F
(TIOGSIZE) 213.32 247.67 T
3 F
(.) 280.48 247.67 T
(Fortunately enough, these two interfaces have the same pro\336le:) 108 219.67 T
(\245) 118.8 195.67 T
(For the structure: Four) 129.6 195.67 T
2 F
(unsigned short) 259.41 195.67 T
3 F
( handling the horizontal and) 376.94 195.67 T
(vertical size of the screen, in numbers of characters and in numbers of) 129.6 179.67 T
(pixels, in the same order;) 129.6 163.67 T
(\245) 118.8 139.67 T
(An integer constant to name the command.) 129.6 139.67 T
108 105 540 125.09 C
108 112.99 239.98 112.99 2 L
0.25 H
2 Z
0 X
0 K
N
0 0 612 792 C
3 11 Q
0 X
0 K
(7.  This way of obtaining the size of a screen originally comes from BSD.) 108 97.67 T
FMENDPAGE
%%EndPage: "5" 6
%%Page: "6" 6
612 792 0 FMBEGINPAGE
108 74.02 540 74.02 2 L
7 X
0 K
V
0.25 H
2 Z
0 X
N
108 750.02 540 750.02 2 L
7 X
V
0 Z
0 X
N
108 46.88 324 63 R
7 X
V
0 10 Q
0 X
(ANDFizing OSF/1 R1.2 commands) 108 56.33 T
108 726.98 540 742.18 R
7 X
V
0 8 Q
0 X
(ANDFizing the /bin/ls command) 108 736.84 T
351 45 540 61.12 R
7 X
V
0 10 Q
0 X
(6 of 16) 511.69 54.45 T
108 90 540 711 R
7 X
V
3 14 Q
0 X
(ANDF provides a way of unifying these two interfaces: As these two) 108 701.67 T
(interfaces exactly map one onto each other) 108 685.67 T
(, only one set of token names is) 346.79 685.67 T
(required, say the couple) 108 669.67 T
2 F
(winsize) 245.17 669.67 T
3 F
(/) 303.93 669.67 T
2 F
(TIOCGWINSZ) 307.82 669.67 T
3 F
(. The ANDF tar) 391.78 669.67 T
(get-) 480.12 669.67 T
(independent headers could turn source code references to the) 108 653.67 T
2 F
(ttysize) 108 637.67 T
3 F
(/) 166.77 637.67 T
2 F
(TIOGSIZE) 170.66 637.67 T
3 F
( interface into ANDF references to tokens as de\336ned) 237.82 637.67 T
-0.26 (by) 108 621.67 P
2 F
-0.62 (winsize) 125.23 621.67 P
3 F
-0.26 (/) 184 621.67 P
2 F
-0.62 (TIOCGWINSZ) 187.89 621.67 P
3 F
-0.26 (. On the tar) 271.84 621.67 P
-0.26 (get-platform, the token library could) 333.77 621.67 P
-0.26 (use either) 108 605.67 P
2 F
-0.63 (ttysize) 164.99 605.67 P
3 F
-0.26 (/) 223.75 605.67 P
2 F
-0.63 (TIOGSIZE) 227.64 605.67 P
3 F
-0.26 ( or) 294.81 605.67 P
2 F
-0.63 (winsize) 312.93 605.67 P
3 F
-0.26 (/) 371.7 605.67 P
2 F
-0.63 (TIOCGWINSZ) 375.59 605.67 P
3 F
-0.26 ( to implement) 459.55 605.67 P
(the) 108 589.67 T
2 F
(winsize) 128.6 589.67 T
3 F
(/) 187.36 589.67 T
2 F
(TIOCGWINSZ) 191.25 589.67 T
3 F
( related tokens. Such a scenario provides the) 275.21 589.67 T
(maximum \337exibility:) 108 573.67 T
(\245) 118.8 549.67 T
(Source code could use both interfaces;) 129.6 549.67 T
(\245) 118.8 525.67 T
(T) 129.6 525.67 T
(ar) 137.17 525.67 T
(gets are only required to provide one of them.) 147.79 525.67 T
(For the time being, despite its broad availability on actual platforms, the) 108 497.67 T
2 F
(ioctl\050\051) 108 481.67 T
3 F
( function is left unspeci\336ed by all standardization bodies, as it is) 166.77 481.67 T
(too platform dependent.) 108 465.67 T
(This issue of obtaining the size of the window could be \336xed in many ways:) 108 437.67 T
(1.) 129.6 413.67 T
(Put the relevant code for each platform between) 180 413.67 T
2 F
( #ifdefs) 448.5 413.67 T
(__MY_PLATFORM) 180 397.67 T
3 F
( and) 289.14 397.67 T
2 F
(#endif) 316.34 397.67 T
3 F
(.) 366.71 397.67 T
(The generated ANDF will be portable only among platforms) 180 381.67 T
-0.77 (whose speci\336c C code has been enclosed in) 180 365.67 P
2 F
-1.84 (#ifdefs) 421.02 365.67 P
3 F
-0.77 (at ANDF) 486.35 365.67 P
(generation time. Furthermore, should the semantics of the) 180 349.67 T
2 F
(ioctl\050\051) 180 333.67 T
3 11 Q
(8) 238.77 339.27 T
3 14 Q
( function change in a future version of OSF/1, the) 244.26 333.67 T
(ANDF code would no longer be valid, preventing upwards) 180 317.67 T
(compatibility) 180 301.67 T
(.) 253.73 301.67 T
(2.) 129.6 277.67 T
(De\336ning a new C macro named) 180 277.67 T
2 F
(get_window_number_of_columns\050int stream\051) 180 261.67 T
3 F
(which will return the size of the window as an integer) 180 245.67 T
(. The) 480.01 245.67 T
(de\336nition of this macro being in a new header \336le named, say) 180 229.67 T
2 F
-2.13 (<osf-commands.h>) 180 213.67 P
3 F
-0.89 (. The native version of this header would) 314.33 213.67 P
(generate the proper macro expansion, and the ANDF headers) 180 197.67 T
(could tokenise it. In this case, it is up to the token library to) 180 181.67 T
(provide the de\336nition of this token. That is, if a new platform is) 180 165.67 T
(introduced, or if a given interface to obtain the window size) 180 149.67 T
(changes, a corresponding token will have to be provided in the) 180 133.67 T
108 105 540 125.09 C
108 112.99 239.98 112.99 2 L
0.25 H
2 Z
0 X
0 K
N
0 0 612 792 C
3 11 Q
0 X
0 K
(8.) 108 97.67 T
2 F
(ioctl\050\051) 121.73 97.67 T
3 F
( is an unsupported function provided by OSF/1.) 167.88 97.67 T
FMENDPAGE
%%EndPage: "6" 7
%%Page: "7" 7
612 792 0 FMBEGINPAGE
108 74.02 540 74.02 2 L
7 X
0 K
V
0.25 H
2 Z
0 X
N
108 750.02 540 750.02 2 L
7 X
V
0 Z
0 X
N
108 46.88 324 63 R
7 X
V
0 10 Q
0 X
(ANDFizing OSF/1 R1.2 commands) 108 56.33 T
108 726.98 540 742.18 R
7 X
V
0 8 Q
0 X
(ANDFizing the /bin/ls command) 108 736.84 T
351 45 540 61.12 R
7 X
V
0 10 Q
0 X
(7 of 16) 511.69 54.45 T
108 90 540 711 R
7 X
V
3 14 Q
0 X
(token library for this platform. The user will then be able to use) 180 701.67 T
-0.38 (the) 180 685.67 P
4 F
-0.38 (same) 200.21 685.67 P
3 F
-0.38 ( existing ANDF) 228.97 685.67 P
-0.38 (. When all OSF/1 commands have gone) 316.48 685.67 P
-0.15 (through this ANDF porting process, we will end up with the \336le) 180 669.67 P
2 F
(<osf-commands.h>) 180 653.67 T
3 F
( summarizing all) 314.33 653.67 T
4 F
(unspeci\336ed) 411.88 653.67 T
3 F
( interfaces) 474.83 653.67 T
-0.8 (used by OSF/1 commands, and therefore covering the actual API) 180 637.67 P
(used by OSF/1 commands) 180 621.67 T
(3.) 129.6 597.67 T
(De\336nition of a new set of ANDF-C header \336les extending the) 180 597.67 T
-0.44 (current set of APIs delivered by DRA, namely) 180 581.67 P
-0.44 (, [ANSI-C], GCC,) 435.6 581.67 P
([POSIX-IF], [SVID-3], [XPG/3-IF] and soon [XPG/4] and) 180 565.67 T
([AES]) 180 549.67 T
3 11 Q
(9) 215.75 555.27 T
3 14 Q
(. This new environment, which we will call) 221.24 549.67 T
2 F
(osc12) 467.63 549.67 T
3 F
(,) 509.61 549.67 T
-1.2 (would describe unspeci\336ed facilities actually provided by OSF/1.) 180 533.67 P
-1.09 (Note that such a process will allow upwards compatibility as long) 180 517.67 P
-0.58 (as this API is actually supported by the tar) 180 501.67 P
-0.58 (get platform. When all) 412.15 501.67 P
-1.11 (OSF/1 commands have gone through this ANDF porting process,) 180 485.67 P
(we will end-up with the environment named) 180 469.67 T
2 F
(osc12) 431.44 469.67 T
3 F
(summarizing all) 180 453.67 T
4 F
(unspeci\336ed) 274.06 453.67 T
3 F
( interfaces used by OSF/1) 337.01 453.67 T
(commands, and therefore having the actual API used by OSF/1) 180 437.67 T
(commands.) 180 421.67 T
(It is worth noting that \0501\051 is a common approach but provides the least) 108 393.67 T
-0.07 (compatibility: A new platform might not be able to use existing ANDF as its) 108 377.67 P
(speci\336c code would not be included into existing ANDF code.) 108 361.67 T
(W) 108 333.67 T
(e have used the scheme described in \0503\051 to ensure the maximum) 120.09 333.67 T
(consistency with the existing environments:) 108 317.67 T
(\245) 118.8 293.67 T
(A new) 129.6 293.67 T
2 F
(osc12) 170.01 293.67 T
3 F
( ANDF environment has been created on top of DRA) 211.99 293.67 T
(\325) 509.27 293.67 T
(s) 513.16 293.67 T
(XPG/4 environment.) 129.6 277.67 T
4 F
(i.e.) 249.7 277.67 T
3 F
(: At this starting point,) 266.8 277.67 T
2 F
(osc12) 396.63 277.67 T
3 F
( is strictly) 438.61 277.67 T
(equivalent to DRA) 129.6 261.67 T
(\325) 233.76 261.67 T
(s XPG/4 environment.) 237.65 261.67 T
(\245) 118.8 237.67 T
(A new \336le) 129.6 237.67 T
2 F
(<sys/ioctl.h>) 191.39 237.67 T
3 F
( has been added to this environment. This) 300.53 237.67 T
(\336le de\336nes the very minimum required by) 129.6 221.67 T
2 F
(/bin/ls) 368.62 221.67 T
3 F
(:) 427.38 221.67 T
(-) 133.2 197.67 T
(A de\336nition of the) 144 197.67 T
2 F
( ioctl\050int,int,\311\051) 247 197.67 T
3 F
( function.) 389.72 197.67 T
(-) 133.2 173.67 T
(A de\336nition of the) 144 173.67 T
2 F
(TIOCGWINSZ) 250.49 173.67 T
3 F
( constant.) 334.45 173.67 T
(-) 133.2 149.67 T
(A de\336nition of) 144 149.67 T
2 F
(winsize) 229.9 149.67 T
3 F
( as a structure name.) 288.67 149.67 T
108 117 540 137.09 C
108 124.99 239.98 124.99 2 L
0.25 H
2 Z
0 X
0 K
N
0 0 612 792 C
3 11 Q
0 X
0 K
-0.52 (9.  This is AES revision A. As mentioned above, this version is several years old, and a new version) 108 109.67 P
(is in progress at OSF) 118.8 97.67 T
(.) 210.09 97.67 T
FMENDPAGE
%%EndPage: "7" 8
%%Page: "8" 8
612 792 0 FMBEGINPAGE
108 74.02 540 74.02 2 L
7 X
0 K
V
0.25 H
2 Z
0 X
N
108 750.02 540 750.02 2 L
7 X
V
0 Z
0 X
N
108 46.88 324 63 R
7 X
V
0 10 Q
0 X
(ANDFizing OSF/1 R1.2 commands) 108 56.33 T
108 726.98 540 742.18 R
7 X
V
0 8 Q
0 X
(ANDFizing the /bin/ls command) 108 736.84 T
351 45 540 61.12 R
7 X
V
0 10 Q
0 X
(8 of 16) 511.69 54.45 T
108 90 540 711 R
7 X
V
3 14 Q
0 X
(-) 133.2 701.67 T
(A de\336nition of) 144 701.67 T
2 F
(ws_col) 229.9 701.67 T
3 F
( as an) 280.27 701.67 T
2 F
(unsigned short) 315.63 701.67 T
3 F
( \336eld of the) 433.17 701.67 T
2 F
(winsize) 144 685.67 T
3 F
( structure.) 202.77 685.67 T
4 F
(\321 Internationalization support) 108 633.67 T
2 F
-0.26 (ls) 108 604.67 P
3 F
-0.11 ( uses the function) 124.79 604.67 P
2 F
-0.26 (mbswidth\050\051) 226.19 604.67 P
3 F
-0.11 ( \050declared in) 310.14 604.67 P
2 F
-0.26 (<mbstr.h>) 383.25 604.67 P
3 F
-0.11 (\051 to obtain the) 458.81 604.67 P
-0.54 (width, in screen columns, of a \336le name expressed in) 108 588.67 P
4 F
-0.54 (multi byte strings) 402.62 588.67 P
3 F
-0.54 ( \050) 498.72 588.67 P
4 F
-0.54 (mbs) 506.34 588.67 P
3 F
-0.54 (\051,) 528.88 588.67 P
(as opposed to) 108 572.67 T
4 F
(wide character strings) 187.67 572.67 T
3 F
( \050) 313.6 572.67 T
4 F
(wcs) 321.76 572.67 T
3 F
(\051. Both mbs and wcs provide the) 342.75 572.67 T
(same level of functionality) 108 556.67 T
(. However) 256.71 556.67 T
(, the mbs strings are partially) 314.43 556.67 T
3 11 Q
(10) 476.88 562.27 T
3 14 Q
(supported by) 108 540.67 T
4 F
(de-jur) 184.17 540.67 T
(e) 217.85 540.67 T
3 F
( standards whereas wcs are more completely supported.) 224.07 540.67 T
(No standards body speci\336es) 108 524.67 T
2 F
(<mbstr.h>) 268.11 524.67 T
3 F
(; it is inherited from AIX) 343.67 524.67 T
3 11 Q
(1) 483.97 530.27 T
(1) 489.06 530.27 T
3 14 Q
(.) 494.55 524.67 T
(The dates of last modi\336cations of a \336le are converted into a character string) 108 496.67 T
-0.56 (according to the current national language support status. The conversion of a) 108 480.67 P
2 F
-0.63 (tm) 108 464.67 P
3 F
-0.26 ( structure into an string of characters requires a temporary buf) 124.79 464.67 P
-0.26 (fer) 468.52 464.67 P
-0.26 (. The size) 483.28 464.67 P
(of this buf) 108 448.67 T
(fer is de\336ned by an OSF/1 constant named) 165.27 448.67 T
2 F
(NLTBMAX) 407 448.67 T
3 F
( available) 465.77 448.67 T
(from OSF/1\325) 108 432.67 T
(s) 179.14 432.67 T
2 F
(<time.h>) 188.08 432.67 T
3 F
( header) 255.24 432.67 T
(.) 295.26 432.67 T
(The call to) 108 404.67 T
2 F
(mbswidth\050\051) 171.34 404.67 T
3 F
( was replaced by the sequence:) 255.3 404.67 T
(\245) 118.8 380.67 T
(Convert the mbs string into a wcs string;) 129.6 380.67 T
(\245) 118.8 356.67 T
(Call the XPG/4 function) 129.6 356.67 T
2 F
(wcswidth\050\051) 269.52 356.67 T
3 F
( with the converted wcs string to) 353.48 356.67 T
(get the actual screen width of the original mbs string.) 129.6 340.67 T
(The header) 108 312.67 T
2 F
(<mbstr.h>) 174.04 312.67 T
3 F
( was replaced in the list of include \336les, by the) 249.6 312.67 T
2 F
(<wchar.h>) 108 296.67 T
(<limits.h>) 187.06 296.67 T
3 F
( and) 271.01 296.67 T
2 F
(<stdlib.h>) 298.21 296.67 T
3 F
( headers.) 382.17 296.67 T
(The constant) 108 268.67 T
2 F
(NLTBMAX) 183.39 268.67 T
3 F
( was added to the) 242.16 268.67 T
2 F
(osc12) 342.8 268.67 T
3 F
( environment as part of the) 384.78 268.67 T
2 F
(<time.h>) 108 252.67 T
3 F
( header) 175.16 252.67 T
(.) 215.18 252.67 T
108 144 540 164.09 C
108 151.99 239.98 151.99 2 L
0.25 H
2 Z
0 X
0 K
N
0 0 612 792 C
3 11 Q
0 X
0 K
-0.17 (10.  Only) 108 136.67 P
4 F
-0.17 (partially) 151.44 136.67 P
3 F
-0.17 ( because [ANSI-C] and [XPG/4-IF] provides almost only functions to convert a) 189.29 136.67 P
-0.68 (mbs string from and to a wcs string, and no functions to) 118.8 124.67 P
4 F
-0.68 (e.g.) 358.75 124.67 P
3 F
-0.68 ( convert a mbs string to a long integer) 374.61 124.67 P
-0.68 (.) 535.18 124.67 P
(See [ANSI-C] and [XPG/4-IF] for details.) 118.8 112.67 T
(1) 108 97.67 T
(1.  AIX is IBM\325) 113.09 97.67 T
(s \337avor of Unix.) 182.97 97.67 T
FMENDPAGE
%%EndPage: "8" 9
%%Page: "9" 9
612 792 0 FMBEGINPAGE
108 74.02 540 74.02 2 L
7 X
0 K
V
0.25 H
2 Z
0 X
N
108 750.02 540 750.02 2 L
7 X
V
0 Z
0 X
N
108 46.88 324 63 R
7 X
V
0 10 Q
0 X
(ANDFizing OSF/1 R1.2 commands) 108 56.33 T
108 726.98 540 742.18 R
7 X
V
0 8 Q
0 X
(ANDFizing the /bin/ls command) 108 736.84 T
351 45 540 61.12 R
7 X
V
0 10 Q
0 X
(9 of 16) 511.69 54.45 T
108 90 540 711 R
7 X
V
4 14 Q
0 X
(\321 File status) 108 701.67 T
3 F
(The information about a \336le is obtained by a call to the) 108 672.67 T
2 F
(stat\050\051) 418.91 672.67 T
3 F
( function) 469.28 672.67 T
-0.39 (\050de\336ned in) 108 656.67 P
2 F
-0.94 (<sys/stat.h>) 170.96 656.67 P
3 F
-0.39 (\051 which \336lls up a) 271.7 656.67 P
2 F
-0.94 (stat) 367.31 656.67 P
3 F
-0.39 ( structure for a given \336le) 400.89 656.67 P
(name.) 108 640.67 T
(The basic type of \336les and their related information available through the) 108 612.67 T
2 F
(stat) 108 596.67 T
3 F
( structure is described in [XPG/4-IF]. OSF/1 supports others types of) 141.58 596.67 T
(\336les imported from others members of the Unix family:) 108 580.67 T
(Symbolic links. They are de\336ned in [SVID-3] and [AES]. Both these) 129.6 556.67 T
(de\336nitions provides a) 180 540.67 T
2 F
(S_IFLNK) 303.99 540.67 T
3 F
( constant to distinguish a link) 362.75 540.67 T
(from other \336les, but strange enough, none of them provide a) 180 524.67 T
2 F
-1.33 (S_ISLNK\050\051) 180 508.67 P
3 F
-0.56 ( macro to question if a given \336le is a symbolic link,) 255.56 508.67 P
(similar to those they provides for others types of \336les. OSF/1) 180 492.67 T
-0.75 (does provides these two macros in its headers \336les. The) 180 476.67 P
2 F
-1.8 (stat\050\051) 486.88 476.67 P
3 F
-0.29 (function returns the status of the object pointed to by the link, as) 180 460.67 P
-0.12 (opposed to the status of the link itself. T) 180 444.67 P
-0.12 (o query the status of the) 403.13 444.67 P
(link itself, the) 180 428.67 T
2 F
(lstat\050\051) 260.85 428.67 T
3 F
( function is de\336ned in [AES] and) 319.61 428.67 T
([SVID-3]. ls.c uses the BUFSIZ constant as the size of the) 180 412.67 T
(temporary which holds the path to the pointed \336le. This is not) 180 396.67 T
(correct: The maximum size of a symbolic link is) 180 380.67 T
2 F
(PATH_MAX) 454.77 380.67 T
3 F
(.) 521.93 380.67 T
(Sockets, originally from BSD. In order to distinguish them from others) 129.6 356.67 T
(kinds of \336les, OSF/1 provides for this purpose a constant:) 180 340.67 T
2 F
(S_IFSOCK) 180 324.67 T
3 F
( and a macro) 247.16 324.67 T
2 F
(S_ISSOCK\050\051) 322.54 324.67 T
3 F
(.) 406.49 324.67 T
(The constants) 108 296.67 T
2 F
(S_IFLNK) 188.83 296.67 T
3 F
(,) 247.6 296.67 T
2 F
(S_IFSOCK) 254.6 296.67 T
3 F
(, the macros) 321.76 296.67 T
2 F
(S_ISLNK\050\051) 393.26 296.67 T
(S_ISSOCK\050\051) 108 280.67 T
3 F
( and the function) 191.95 280.67 T
2 F
(lstat\050\051) 289.89 280.67 T
3 F
( have been added to) 348.65 280.67 T
2 F
(osc12) 463.28 280.67 T
3 F
(\325) 505.26 280.67 T
(s) 509.15 280.67 T
2 F
(<sys/stat.h>) 108 264.67 T
3 F
( headers.) 208.74 264.67 T
(Occurrences of) 108 236.67 T
2 F
(BUFSIZ) 196.57 236.67 T
3 F
( was replaced with either) 246.94 236.67 T
2 F
(PATH_MAX) 390.32 236.67 T
3 F
( or) 457.49 236.67 T
2 F
(PATH_MAX+1) 108 220.67 T
3 F
( when they meant the size of the lar) 191.95 220.67 T
(gest symbolic link or the) 390.66 220.67 T
(size of the temporary to holds the name of a link respectively) 108 204.67 T
(.) 449.45 204.67 T
4 F
(\321) 108 152.67 T
(Size of blocks) 123.94 152.67 T
3 F
(File sizes are obtained by a call to the) 108 123.67 T
2 F
(stat\050\051) 322.12 123.67 T
3 F
( function.) 372.5 123.67 T
FMENDPAGE
%%EndPage: "9" 10
%%Page: "10" 10
612 792 0 FMBEGINPAGE
108 74.02 540 74.02 2 L
7 X
0 K
V
0.25 H
2 Z
0 X
N
108 750.02 540 750.02 2 L
7 X
V
0 Z
0 X
N
108 46.88 324 63 R
7 X
V
0 10 Q
0 X
(ANDFizing OSF/1 R1.2 commands) 108 56.33 T
108 726.98 540 742.18 R
7 X
V
0 8 Q
0 X
(ANDFizing the /bin/ls command) 108 736.84 T
351 45 540 61.12 R
7 X
V
0 10 Q
0 X
(10 of 16) 506.69 54.45 T
108 90 540 711 R
7 X
V
3 14 Q
0 X
(This structure is only partially de\336ned by standards bodies, and the size in) 108 701.67 T
(number of blocks is part of the information that is de\336ned in some standards) 108 685.67 T
([SVID-3] and not in others [XPG/4-IF]) 108 669.67 T
3 11 Q
(12) 327.57 675.27 T
3 14 Q
(.) 338.55 669.67 T
2 F
(ls.c) 108 641.67 T
3 F
( includes the header) 141.58 641.67 T
2 F
(<sys/param.h>) 256.6 641.67 T
3 F
( to obtain the constant) 365.74 641.67 T
2 F
(REPORT_SIZE) 108 625.67 T
3 F
(, which is used as disk block size to compute the number of) 200.35 625.67 T
(\336le system blocks occupied by \336les in a directory) 108 609.67 T
(. As XPG/4 requires this) 383.8 609.67 T
(constant to be 512 bytes \050[XPG/4-CU], page 446, 1) 108 593.67 T
3 11 Q
(st) 395.58 599.27 T
3 14 Q
( paragraph\051 we have) 402.91 593.67 T
(hard-coded this de\336nition into the source code. The original) 108 577.67 T
2 F
(ls.c) 446.88 577.67 T
3 F
( de\336ned) 480.46 577.67 T
2 F
(REPORT_SIZE) 108 561.67 T
3 F
( as the same as) 200.35 561.67 T
2 F
(UBSIZE) 287 561.67 T
3 F
( which may not have be 512 for all) 337.38 561.67 T
(implementations. This constant was taken from a BSD inherited \336le:) 108 545.67 T
2 F
(<sys/param.h>) 108 529.67 T
3 F
(.) 217.14 529.67 T
(The \336eld) 108 501.67 T
2 F
(st_blocks) 161.63 501.67 T
3 F
( of the) 237.19 501.67 T
2 F
(stat) 276.44 501.67 T
3 F
( structure has to be multiplied by) 310.02 501.67 T
2 F
-0.92 (S_BLKSIZE) 108 485.67 P
3 F
-0.38 ( to get the actual size of disk space in bytes allocated to this \336le.) 183.56 485.67 P
-0.23 ([SVID-3]) 108 469.67 P
3 11 Q
-0.18 (13) 161.62 475.27 P
3 14 Q
-0.23 ( de\336nes this \336eld as being:) 172.6 469.67 P
4 F
-0.23 (The total number of physical blocks of) 323.58 469.67 P
(size 512 bytes actually allocated on disk) 108 453.67 T
3 F
( \050quoted from [SVID-3], page 6-) 333.42 453.67 T
(135\051.) 108 437.67 T
(The de\336nition of) 108 409.67 T
2 F
(REPORT_SIZE) 205.55 409.67 T
3 F
( to 512 bytes is now directly in the \336le) 297.9 409.67 T
2 F
(ls.c) 108 393.67 T
3 F
(, and the header) 141.58 393.67 T
2 F
(<sys/param.h>) 233.66 393.67 T
3 F
( is no longer included.) 342.8 393.67 T
(Reference to the constant) 108 365.67 T
2 F
(S_BLKSIZE) 253.32 365.67 T
3 F
( has been removed and replaced by) 328.88 365.67 T
(the hard-coded constant 512.) 108 349.67 T
4 F
(\321 Major and minor modes of devices) 108 297.67 T
3 F
(W) 108 268.67 T
(ith the) 120.65 268.67 T
2 F
(-l) 159.52 268.67 T
3 F
( option,) 176.31 268.67 T
2 F
(ls) 222.57 268.67 T
3 F
( lists major and minor numbers of devices, that is the) 239.36 268.67 T
(number of the driver and the number of the device respectively) 108 252.67 T
(. Such) 459.92 252.67 T
(information currently has no) 108 236.67 T
4 F
(de jur) 271.22 236.67 T
(e) 303.74 236.67 T
3 F
( de\336nition. OSF/1 provides this) 309.95 236.67 T
108 192 540 212.09 C
108 199.99 239.98 199.99 2 L
0.25 H
2 Z
0 X
0 K
N
0 0 612 792 C
3 11 Q
0 X
0 K
(12.  This is a major drawback and means that the) 108 184.67 T
2 F
(ls) 325.86 184.67 T
3 F
( command could not be written in a fully por-) 339.04 184.67 T
(table fashion,) 118.8 172.67 T
4 F
(i.e.) 180.74 172.67 T
3 F
( it is not possible to write an [XPG/4-CU] compliant version of) 194.17 172.67 T
2 F
(ls) 474.31 172.67 T
3 F
( using only) 487.49 172.67 T
(information provided by the [XPG/4-IF] API.) 118.8 160.67 T
(13.  It is worth noting that there is a small discrepancy in [SVID-3] concerning this \336eld: In the) 108 145.67 T
2 F
-0.8 (stat) 118.8 133.67 P
3 F
-0.33 ( structure \336elds list \050page 5-70 and page 6-133\051, a C comment in front of the) 145.17 133.67 P
2 F
-0.8 (st_blocks) 478.26 133.67 P
3 F
(\336elds says:) 118.8 121.67 T
2 F
(/*) 170.07 121.67 T
(Number of st_blksize blocks allocated for this) 189.85 121.67 T
-0.3 (object) 118.8 109.67 P
-0.3 (*/) 164.94 109.67 P
3 F
-0.12 (, while the description of the \336eld \050page 6-135\051 says:) 178.13 109.67 P
4 F
-0.12 (The total number of physical) 411.53 109.67 P
(blocks of size 512 bytes actually allocated on disk) 118.8 97.67 T
3 F
(. The latter is correct.) 337.9 97.67 T
FMENDPAGE
%%EndPage: "10" 11
%%Page: "11" 11
612 792 0 FMBEGINPAGE
108 74.02 540 74.02 2 L
7 X
0 K
V
0.25 H
2 Z
0 X
N
108 750.02 540 750.02 2 L
7 X
V
0 Z
0 X
N
108 46.88 324 63 R
7 X
V
0 10 Q
0 X
(ANDFizing OSF/1 R1.2 commands) 108 56.33 T
108 726.98 540 742.18 R
7 X
V
0 8 Q
0 X
(ANDFizing the /bin/ls command) 108 736.84 T
351 45 540 61.12 R
7 X
V
0 10 Q
0 X
(11 of 16) 506.69 54.45 T
108 90 540 711 R
7 X
V
3 14 Q
0 X
(information in two dif) 108 701.67 T
(ferent ways depending on whether the code is to have) 231.73 701.67 T
(access to the kernel structure or not) 108 685.67 T
3 11 Q
(14) 306.17 691.27 T
3 14 Q
(:) 317.16 685.67 T
(C Macros if the compiled code is kernel code) 129.6 661.67 T
2 F
(, ls.c) 383.74 661.67 T
3 F
( obtains these) 434.11 661.67 T
(macros from the) 180 645.67 T
2 F
(<sys/types.h>) 275.2 645.67 T
3 F
( include \336le, which in turn) 384.34 645.67 T
(obtains them from the) 180 629.67 T
2 F
(<machine/types.h>) 306.7 629.67 T
3 F
( header) 449.42 629.67 T
(.) 489.44 629.67 T
(C functions in other cases.) 129.6 605.67 T
(In order to have a public API \050) 108 577.67 T
4 F
(i.e.) 279.36 577.67 T
3 F
( outside of the kernel\051, the function) 296.46 577.67 T
(mechanism has been chosen:) 108 561.67 T
(The two function) 108 533.67 T
2 F
(major\050\051) 207.88 533.67 T
3 F
( and) 266.64 533.67 T
2 F
(minor\050\051) 293.85 533.67 T
3 F
( have been added to the) 352.61 533.67 T
2 F
(<sys/types.h>) 108 517.67 T
(osc12) 220.64 517.67 T
3 F
( header) 262.61 517.67 T
(.) 302.63 517.67 T
4 F
(\321 Obsolete featur) 108 465.67 T
(es of de-jur) 210.09 465.67 T
(e APIs) 273.3 465.67 T
3 F
-0.37 (Some features are declared obsolete in a given version of an API. This means) 108 436.67 P
(that these features might be widthdrawn in futures releases. However) 108 420.67 T
(, to) 494.47 420.67 T
-0.36 (ensure maximum upwards portability of source code, many vendors continue) 108 404.67 P
-0.2 (to support the obsolete features of an API as long as they do not con\337ict with) 108 388.67 P
(the current one.) 108 372.67 T
4 F
(e.g.) 198.92 372.67 T
3 F
(:) 219.13 372.67 T
([XPG/3-IF] says that constants) 108 344.67 T
2 F
(S_IEXEC) 284.44 344.67 T
3 F
(,) 343.21 344.67 T
2 F
(S_IWRITE) 350.21 344.67 T
3 F
( &) 417.37 344.67 T
2 F
(S_IEXEC) 435.25 344.67 T
3 F
(, used) 494.02 344.67 T
(by) 108 328.67 T
2 F
(ls.c) 125.49 328.67 T
3 F
(, have been withdrawn and replaced by) 159.07 328.67 T
2 F
(S_IRUSR) 381.33 328.67 T
3 F
(,) 440.09 328.67 T
2 F
(S_IWUSR) 447.09 328.67 T
3 F
( &) 505.86 328.67 T
2 F
-0.93 (S_IXUSR) 108 312.67 P
3 F
-0.39 ( respectively) 166.77 312.67 P
-0.39 (. However) 236.58 312.67 P
-0.39 (, OSF/1 still provides these de\336nitions in its) 293.91 312.67 P
(header \336les.) 108 296.67 T
2 F
(ls.c) 108 268.67 T
3 F
( also uses a feature that has been declared obsolete by XPG/3 and) 141.58 268.67 T
(withdrawn from XPG/4: The) 108 252.67 T
2 F
(S_IVTX) 273.56 252.67 T
3 F
( mode of a \336le. This was used to) 323.93 252.67 T
-0.4 (indicate that an executable had to be kept as long as possible in swap space in) 108 236.67 P
(order to have a faster start-up during the next invocation.) 108 220.67 T
(The obsolete features have been added to the) 108 192.67 T
2 F
(osc12) 362.9 192.67 T
3 F
( environment.) 404.88 192.67 T
4 F
(i.e.) 486.1 192.67 T
3 F
( the) 503.2 192.67 T
(constants) 108 176.67 T
2 F
(S_IEXEC) 163.58 176.67 T
3 F
(,) 222.35 176.67 T
2 F
(S_IWRITE) 229.34 176.67 T
3 F
(,) 296.5 176.67 T
2 F
(S_IEXEC) 303.5 176.67 T
3 F
( &) 362.27 176.67 T
2 F
(S_IFVTX) 380.15 176.67 T
3 F
(.) 438.92 176.67 T
108 105 540 125.09 C
108 112.99 239.98 112.99 2 L
0.25 H
2 Z
0 X
0 K
N
0 0 612 792 C
3 11 Q
0 X
0 K
(14.  If the macro) 108 97.67 T
2 F
(_KERNEL) 183.66 97.67 T
3 F
( is set, then one gains access to the kernel de\336nitions.) 229.8 97.67 T
FMENDPAGE
%%EndPage: "11" 12
%%Page: "12" 12
612 792 0 FMBEGINPAGE
108 74.02 540 74.02 2 L
7 X
0 K
V
0.25 H
2 Z
0 X
N
108 750.02 540 750.02 2 L
7 X
V
0 Z
0 X
N
108 46.88 324 63 R
7 X
V
0 10 Q
0 X
(ANDFizing OSF/1 R1.2 commands) 108 56.33 T
108 726.98 540 742.18 R
7 X
V
0 8 Q
0 X
(ANDFizing the /bin/ls command) 108 736.84 T
351 45 540 61.12 R
7 X
V
0 10 Q
0 X
(12 of 16) 506.69 54.45 T
108 90 540 711 R
7 X
V
4 14 Q
0 X
(\321 Built-in constants) 108 701.67 T
3 F
(There is a built-in constant that is logically part of the API used by) 108 672.67 T
2 F
(ls) 484.98 672.67 T
3 F
( but) 501.77 672.67 T
(which have not been placed in any API: The size, in numbers of bytes, of a) 108 656.67 T
-0.14 (user login- or group-name.) 108 640.67 P
2 F
-0.34 (ls.c) 260.92 640.67 P
3 F
-0.14 ( had a plain constant \050) 294.51 640.67 P
4 F
-0.14 (i.e.) 416.98 640.67 P
3 F
-0.14 ( 16\051 assuming that) 434.08 640.67 P
-0.38 (user names will not be longer than 15 bytes) 108 624.67 P
3 11 Q
-0.3 (15) 348.24 630.27 P
3 14 Q
-0.38 (. The typical usage for Unix is 8) 359.23 624.67 P
(bytes.) 108 608.67 T
-0.19 (This plain constant have been changed into a constant) 108 580.67 P
2 F
-0.47 (LOG_GRP_MAX) 411.31 580.67 P
3 F
-0.19 ( set to) 503.66 580.67 P
(15 at the beginning of the \336le.) 108 564.67 T
-0.52 (As OSF/1 does not even provide such a constant in its headers, it has not been) 108 536.67 P
(moved to an OSF/1 header) 108 520.67 T
(. It is worth noting that this will be a limitation of) 257.24 520.67 T
-0.57 (the ANDFized) 108 504.67 P
2 F
-1.38 (ls) 192.35 504.67 P
3 F
-0.57 (.) 209.14 504.67 P
4 F
-0.57 (i.e.) 215.56 504.67 P
3 F
-0.57 ( it would install properly but would not run properly on) 232.66 504.67 P
(a platform having login names up to, say) 108 488.67 T
(, 24 characters.) 335.61 488.67 T
(However) 108 460.67 T
(, this constant is a candidate to be moved into a standard header as) 158.72 460.67 T
(soon as it is supplied by a future API.) 108 444.67 T
4 F
(\321 List of messages issued by) 108 392.67 T
2 F
(/bin/ls) 274.36 392.67 T
3 F
(T) 108 363.67 T
(o run properly into an internationalized environment,) 115.57 363.67 T
2 F
(ls.c) 416.36 363.67 T
3 F
( does not) 449.94 363.67 T
(provide its error messages directly in the source code but accesses them at) 108 347.67 T
(run time in a locale-speci\336c \336le. They are referenced by means of message) 108 331.67 T
(numbers found in the) 108 315.67 T
2 F
(\323ls_msg.h\323) 230.81 315.67 T
3 F
( header) 314.76 315.67 T
(.) 354.78 315.67 T
(The point is: are those constants de\336ning messages part of) 108 287.67 T
2 F
(/bin/ls) 437.56 287.67 T
3 F
( API?) 496.33 287.67 T
(A scenario for distributing) 108 259.67 T
2 F
(/bin/ls) 259.57 259.67 T
3 F
( in a both computer) 318.33 259.67 T
(-language- and) 426.87 259.67 T
(natural-language-neutral format, would be) 108 243.67 T
(\245) 118.8 219.67 T
(The executable) 129.6 219.67 T
2 F
(/bin/ls) 218.18 219.67 T
3 F
( as an ANDF package, and) 276.95 219.67 T
(\245) 118.8 195.67 T
(One message \336le for each supported natural language. The choice of the) 129.6 195.67 T
(right message \336le would be an installation parameter) 129.6 179.67 T
(.) 424.57 179.67 T
108 105 540 125.09 C
108 112.99 239.98 112.99 2 L
0.25 H
2 Z
0 X
0 K
N
0 0 612 792 C
3 11 Q
0 X
0 K
(15.  16 includes the trailing null char) 108 97.67 T
(.) 269.12 97.67 T
FMENDPAGE
%%EndPage: "12" 13
%%Page: "13" 13
612 792 0 FMBEGINPAGE
108 74.02 540 74.02 2 L
7 X
0 K
V
0.25 H
2 Z
0 X
N
108 750.02 540 750.02 2 L
7 X
V
0 Z
0 X
N
108 46.88 324 63 R
7 X
V
0 10 Q
0 X
(ANDFizing OSF/1 R1.2 commands) 108 56.33 T
108 726.98 540 742.18 R
7 X
V
0 8 Q
0 X
(Status) 108 736.84 T
351 45 540 61.12 R
7 X
V
0 10 Q
0 X
(13 of 16) 506.69 54.45 T
108 90 540 711 R
7 X
V
3 14 Q
0 X
(In such a scenario, the coherency between message numbers and their actual) 108 701.67 T
-0.34 (string counterparts are part of) 108 685.67 P
2 F
-0.81 (/bin/ls) 275.34 685.67 P
3 F
-0.34 ( coherency as a whole, and therefore) 334.11 685.67 P
(are not related to any API.) 108 669.67 T
4 F
(\321 V) 108 617.67 T
(isibility of names) 131.45 617.67 T
3 F
(As) 108 588.67 T
2 F
(ls) 127.04 588.67 T
3 F
( is made of only one C module) 143.83 588.67 T
2 F
(ls.c) 319.51 588.67 T
3 F
(, all global variables have been) 353.09 588.67 T
(declared) 108 572.67 T
2 F
(static) 158.89 572.67 T
3 F
(. As the C producer does not keep the name of) 209.26 572.67 T
2 F
(static) 471.95 572.67 T
3 F
(variables, their actual names are not provided in the \324) 108 556.67 T
2 F
(.j) 405.66 556.67 T
3 F
(\325 \336le.) 422.45 556.67 T
108 496.98 540 500 C
90 498.49 558 498.49 2 L
0.25 H
2 Z
0 X
0 K
N
0 0 612 792 C
1 16 Q
0 X
0 K
(5. Status) 108 505.33 T
3 14 Q
(The current status is as follows:) 108 473.64 T
(\245) 118.8 449.64 T
(All changes to the source code mentioned in this paper have been) 129.6 449.64 T
(incorporated into) 129.6 433.64 T
2 F
(ls.c) 229.09 433.64 T
3 F
(.) 262.67 433.64 T
(\245) 118.8 409.64 T
-0.88 (A new ANDF API for OSF/1, named) 129.6 409.64 P
2 F
-2.11 (osc12) 335.64 409.64 P
3 F
-0.88 (, based on DRA) 377.62 409.64 P
-0.88 (\325) 462.81 409.64 P
-0.88 (s) 466.7 409.64 P
2 F
-2.11 (xpg4) 474.76 409.64 P
3 F
-0.88 ( have) 508.34 409.64 P
(been created according to this paper) 129.6 393.64 T
(. This environment has successfully) 330.49 393.64 T
(generated ANDF headers and a token library for a i386 platform.) 129.6 377.64 T
(The sizes of the various \336les compare as follows) 108 349.64 T
3 11 Q
(16) 380.02 355.24 T
3 14 Q
(:) 391.01 349.64 T
(The ANDF generated executable is 10% smaller than the) 108 225.64 T
2 F
(cc) 430.92 225.64 T
3 F
( generated one.) 447.7 225.64 T
108 105 540 125.09 C
108 112.99 239.98 112.99 2 L
0.25 H
2 Z
0 X
0 K
N
0 0 612 792 C
3 11 Q
0 X
0 K
(16.  OSF/1 native) 108 97.67 T
2 F
(cc) 188.27 97.67 T
3 F
( is derived from) 201.45 97.67 T
2 F
(gcc) 274.07 97.67 T
3 F
(.) 293.85 97.67 T
0 12 Q
(File) 242.34 316.98 T
(ANDF) 307.35 316.98 T
2 F
(cc) 376.48 316.98 T
0 F
(/i386) 390.87 316.98 T
3 F
(Object) 236.01 285.98 T
2 F
(ls.j) 309.61 292.98 T
3 F
(20014) 309.01 278.98 T
2 F
(ls.o) 381.61 292.98 T
3 F
(29015) 381.01 278.98 T
(Executable) 225.36 256.98 T
(30563) 309.01 256.98 T
(33682) 381.01 256.98 T
216 332.73 216 249.23 2 L
V
0.5 H
0 Z
N
288 333.23 288 248.73 2 L
V
N
360 333.23 360 248.73 2 L
V
N
432 332.73 432 249.23 2 L
V
N
215.75 332.98 432.25 332.98 2 L
V
N
216.25 308.23 431.75 308.23 2 L
V
N
216.25 305.73 431.75 305.73 2 L
V
N
215.75 270.98 432.25 270.98 2 L
V
N
215.75 248.98 432.25 248.98 2 L
V
N
FMENDPAGE
%%EndPage: "13" 14
%%Page: "14" 14
612 792 0 FMBEGINPAGE
108 74.02 540 74.02 2 L
7 X
0 K
V
0.25 H
2 Z
0 X
N
108 750.02 540 750.02 2 L
7 X
V
0 Z
0 X
N
108 46.88 324 63 R
7 X
V
0 10 Q
0 X
(ANDFizing OSF/1 R1.2 commands) 108 56.33 T
108 726.98 540 742.18 R
7 X
V
0 8 Q
0 X
(Futur) 108 736.84 T
(e work) 127.85 736.84 T
351 45 540 61.12 R
7 X
V
0 10 Q
0 X
(14 of 16) 506.69 54.45 T
108 90 540 711 R
7 X
V
108 691.98 540 695 C
90 693.49 558 693.49 2 L
0.25 H
2 Z
0 X
0 K
N
0 0 612 792 C
1 16 Q
0 X
0 K
(6. Future work) 108 700.33 T
3 14 Q
(Future work includes:) 108 668.64 T
(\245) 118.8 644.64 T
(Building of an installer for a OSF/1 mips platform based on the Gandf) 129.6 644.64 T
-0.03 (experiment carried out by Richard L. Ford at OSF-RI in Cambridge \050See) 129.6 628.64 P
-0.51 ([OSF-RF-II-93] for details\051. This installer will allow a second installation) 129.6 612.64 P
(of) 129.6 596.64 T
2 F
(/bin/ls) 144.75 596.64 T
3 F
(.) 203.52 596.64 T
(\245) 118.8 572.64 T
(ANDFization of other OSF/1 Commands.) 129.6 572.64 T
FMENDPAGE
%%EndPage: "14" 15
%%Page: "15" 15
612 792 0 FMBEGINPAGE
108 74.02 540 74.02 2 L
7 X
0 K
V
0.25 H
2 Z
0 X
N
108 750.02 540 750.02 2 L
7 X
V
0 Z
0 X
N
108 46.88 324 63 R
7 X
V
0 10 Q
0 X
(ANDFizing OSF/1 R1.2 commands) 108 56.33 T
108 726.98 540 742.18 R
7 X
V
0 8 Q
0 X
(Futur) 108 736.84 T
(e work) 127.85 736.84 T
351 45 540 61.12 R
7 X
V
0 10 Q
0 X
(15 of 16) 506.69 54.45 T
108 90 540 711 R
7 X
V
108 691.98 540 695 C
90 693.49 558 693.49 2 L
0.25 H
2 Z
0 X
0 K
N
0 0 612 792 C
1 16 Q
0 X
0 K
(7. Bibliography) 108 700.33 T
108 652.95 540 655.98 C
90 654.46 558 654.46 2 L
0.25 H
2 Z
0 X
0 K
N
0 0 612 792 C
4 14 Q
0 X
0 K
(On operating systems) 108 660.64 T
3 F
([ANSI-C]) 108 629.62 T
(Programming languages - C, from ISO.) 216 629.62 T
3 10 Q
(ISO/IEC 9899;) 216 604.29 T
3 14 Q
([POSIX-IF]) 108 577.62 T
(Information technology - Portable Operating System) 216 577.62 T
(Interface \050POSIX\051 - Part 1: System Application Program) 216 561.62 T
(Interface \050API\051 [C language], from ISO.) 216 545.62 T
3 10 Q
(ISO/IEC 9945-1; IEEE Std 1003.1.) 216 520.29 T
3 14 Q
([POSIX-SU]) 108 493.62 T
(Information technology - Portable Operating System) 216 493.62 T
(Interface \050POSIX\051 - Part 2: Shell and Utilities, from ISO.) 216 477.62 T
3 10 Q
(ISO/IEC 9945-2; IEEE Std 1003.2-Draft.) 216 452.29 T
3 14 Q
([XPG/3-IF]) 108 425.62 T
(CAE Speci\336cation - System Interface and Headers,) 216 425.62 T
(Issue) 216 409.62 T
(3, from X/Open.) 248.25 409.62 T
3 10 Q
(ISBN: 0-13-685843-0. Prentice-Hall.) 216 384.29 T
3 14 Q
([XPG/4-IF]) 108 357.62 T
(CAE Speci\336cation - System Interface and Headers,) 216 357.62 T
(Issue) 216 341.62 T
(4, from X/Open.) 248.25 341.62 T
3 10 Q
(X/Open Document number: C202; ISBN: 1-872630-47-2.) 216 316.29 T
3 14 Q
([XPG/4-CU]) 108 289.62 T
(CAE Speci\336cation - Commands and Utilities - Issue) 216 289.62 T
(4,) 512.16 289.62 T
(from X/Open.) 216 273.62 T
3 10 Q
(X/Open Document number: C203; ISBN: 1-872630-48-0.) 216 248.29 T
3 14 Q
([SVID-3]) 108 221.62 T
(System V - Interface de\336nition - Issue 3, from A) 216 221.62 T
(T&T) 486.47 221.62 T
(.) 513.42 221.62 T
([AES]) 108 193.62 T
(Application Environment Speci\336cation - Operating) 216 193.62 T
(System - Programming Interfaces V) 216 177.62 T
(olume - Revision A,) 416.27 177.62 T
(from OSF) 216 161.62 T
(.) 271.24 161.62 T
3 10 Q
(ISBN: 0-13-043522-48-8; Prentice-Hall.) 216 136.29 T
FMENDPAGE
%%EndPage: "15" 16
%%Page: "16" 16
612 792 0 FMBEGINPAGE
108 74.02 540 74.02 2 L
7 X
0 K
V
0.25 H
2 Z
0 X
N
108 750.02 540 750.02 2 L
7 X
V
0 Z
0 X
N
108 46.88 324 63 R
7 X
V
0 10 Q
0 X
(ANDFizing OSF/1 R1.2 commands) 108 56.33 T
108 726.98 540 742.18 R
7 X
V
0 8 Q
0 X
(Futur) 108 736.84 T
(e work) 127.85 736.84 T
351 45 540 61.12 R
7 X
V
0 10 Q
0 X
(16 of 16) 506.69 54.45 T
108 90 540 711 R
7 X
V
108 693.98 540 697 C
90 695.49 558 695.49 2 L
0.25 H
2 Z
0 X
0 K
N
0 0 612 792 C
4 14 Q
0 X
0 K
(On the ANDF technology) 108 701.67 T
3 F
([DRA-XII-92]) 108 670.64 T
(The TDF speci\336cation - Issue 2.0 Revision 1 - December) 216 670.64 T
(1992.) 216 654.64 T
3 10 Q
(The Defence Research Agency) 216 629.31 T
(, St. Andrews Road, Malvern, W) 339.39 629.31 T
(orcestershire,) 469.89 629.31 T
(WR14 3PS, United Kingdom.) 216 617.31 T
3 14 Q
([OSF-SM-I-93]) 108 590.64 T
(Porting with ANDF by Stavros Macrakis, from OSF) 216 590.64 T
(.) 507.94 590.64 T
3 10 Q
(6) 216 565.31 T
3 8 Q
(th) 221 569.31 T
3 10 Q
( article of OSF\325) 227.22 565.31 T
(s ANDF Collected papers, V) 289.12 565.31 T
(ol. 1, January 1993.) 403.03 565.31 T
3 14 Q
([OSF-RF-II-93]) 108 538.64 T
(GANDF: status and design by Richard L. Ford, from) 216 538.64 T
(OSF) 216 522.64 T
(.) 240.54 522.64 T
3 10 Q
(2) 216 497.31 T
3 8 Q
(nd) 221 501.31 T
3 10 Q
( article of OSF\325) 228.99 497.31 T
(s ANDF Collected papers, V) 290.9 497.31 T
(ol. 2, March 1993.) 404.81 497.31 T
108 90 540 711 C
108 90 540 216 C
108 90 540 207 R
7 X
0 K
V
3 10 Q
0 X
(Copyright 1993 by Open Software Foundation, Inc.) 108 200.33 T
(All Rights Reserved) 108 178.33 T
-0.19 (Permission to reproduce this document without fee is hereby granted, provided that the copyright notice and) 108 156.33 P
-0.08 (this permission notice appear in all copies or derivative works. OSF MAKES NO W) 108 144.33 P
-0.08 (ARRRANTY OF ANY) 443.36 144.33 P
(KIND WITH REGARD T) 108 132.33 T
(O THIS MA) 213.57 132.33 T
(TERIAL, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED T) 262.98 132.33 T
(O, THE IMPLIED) 459.05 132.33 T
-0.04 (W) 108 120.33 P
-0.04 (ARRANTIES OF MERCHANT) 116.32 120.33 P
-0.04 (ABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A P) 245.37 120.33 P
-0.04 (AR) 390 120.33 P
-0.04 (TICULAR PURPOSE. OSF shall) 403.28 120.33 P
(not be liable for errors contained herein or for any direct or indirect, incidental, special or consequential) 108 108.33 T
(damages in connection with the furnishing, performance, or use of this material.) 108 96.33 T
108 90 540 711 C
0 0 612 792 C
FMENDPAGE
%%EndPage: "16" 17
%%Trailer
%%BoundingBox: 0 0 612 792
%%Pages: 16 1
%%DocumentFonts: Times-Bold
%%+ Times-BoldItalic
%%+ Courier
%%+ Times-Roman
%%+ Times-Italic